The 1992 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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President of the Council of State and President of the Council of Ministers

       Fidel CASTRO Ruz (became Prime Minister in February 1959 and President since

       2 December 1976); First Vice President of the Council of State and First

       Vice President of the Council of Ministers Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz (since 2

       December 1976)

       Political parties and leaders:

       only party - Cuban Communist Party (PCC), Fidel CASTRO Ruz, first secretary

       Suffrage:

       universal at age 16

       Elections:

       National Assembly of the People's Power:

       last held December 1986 (next to be held before December 1992); results -

       PCC is the only party; seats - (510 total) indirectly elected

       Communists:

       about 600,000 full and candidate members

       Member of:

       CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBEC, ICAO, IFAD, ILO, IMO, INTERPOL,

       IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, LORCS, NAM, OAS (excluded from formal participation

       since 1962), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,

       WTO

       Diplomatic representation:

       none; protecting power in the US is Switzerland - Cuban Interests Section;

       position vacant since March 1992; 2630 and 2639 16th Street NW, Washington,

       DC 20009; telephone (202) 797-8518 or 8519, 8520, 8609, 8610

      :Cuba Government

      US:

       protecting power in Cuba is Switzerland - US Interests Section, Swiss

       Embassy; Principal Officer Alan H. FLANIGAN; Calzada entre L Y M, Vedado

       Seccion, Havana (mailing address is USINT, Swiss Embassy, Havana, Calzada

       Entre L Y M, Vedado); telephone 32-0051, 32-0543

       Flag:

       five equal horizontal bands of blue (top and bottom) alternating with white;

       a red equilateral triangle based on the hoist side bears a white

       five-pointed star in the center

      :Cuba Economy

      Overview:

       The economy, centrally planned and largely state owned, is highly dependent

       on the agricultural sector and foreign trade. Sugar provided about

       two-thirds of export revenues in 1991, and over half was exported to the

       former Soviet republics. The economy has stagnated since 1985 under policies

       that have deemphasized material incentives in the workplace, abolished

       farmers' informal produce markets, and raised prices of government-supplied

       goods and services. In 1990 the economy probably fell 5% largely as a result

       of declining trade with the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Recently

       the government has been trying to increase trade with Latin America and

       China. Cuba has had difficulty servicing its foreign debt since 1982. The

       government currently is encouraging foreign investment in tourist facilities

       and in industrial plants idled by falling imports from the former Soviet

       Union. Other investment priorities include sugar, basic foods, and nickel.

       The annual Soviet subsidy dropped from $4 billion in 1990 to about $1

       billion in 1991 because of a lower price paid for Cuban sugar and a sharp

       decline in Soviet exports to Cuba. The former Soviet republics have

       indicated they will no longer extend aid to Cuba beginning in 1992. Instead

       of highly subsidized trade, Cuba has been shifting to trade at market prices

       in convertible currencies. Because of increasingly severe shortages of

       fuels, industrial raw materials, and spare parts, aggregate output dropped

       by one-fifth in 1991.

       GNP:

       $17 billion, per capita $1,580; real growth rate -20% (1991 est.)

       Inflation rate (consumer prices):

       NA%

       Budget:

       revenues $12.46 billion; expenditures $14.45 billion, including capital

       expenditures of $NA (1990 est.)

       Exports:

       $3.6 billion (f.o.b., 1991 est.)

       commodities:

       sugar, nickel, medical products, shellfish, citrus, tobacco, coffee

       partners:

       former USSR 63%, China 6%, Canada 4%, Japan 4% (1991 est.)

       Imports:

       $3.7 billion (c.i.f., 1991 est.)

       commodities:

       petroleum, capital goods, industrial raw materials, food

       partners:

       former USSR 47%, Spain 8%, China 6%, Argentina 5%, Italy 4%, Mexico 3% (1991

       est.)

       External debt:

       $6.8 billion (convertible currency, July 1989)

       Industrial production:

       growth rate 0%; accounts for 45% of GDP (1989)

       Electricity:

       3,889,000 kW capacity; 16,272 million kWh produced, 1,516 kWh per capita

       (1991)

       Industries:

       sugar milling, petroleum refining, food and tobacco processing, textiles,

       chemicals, paper and wood products, metals (particularly nickel), cement,

      

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