over a period of 28 days (a) 0 day, (b) 1 day, (c) ...Figure 5.3 Schemetic representation of bacterium precipitating calcium carbonate...Figure 5.4 Calcite formation from the encapsulated bacteria, Adapted from Ref. [...Figure 5.5 Cracks closure representation on (a) 0, (b) 3, (c) 7, and (d) 28 days...6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Required features of self-healing agents for development of self-heal...Figure 6.2 Classification of self-healable polymeric materials [2].Figure 6.3 A view of net-point along with reversible switching of shape memory m...Figure 6.4 Category of stimuli responsive shape memory polymeric materials [2].Figure 6.5 Self-cleaning approach through (a) super hydrophilic surface along wi...Figure 6.6 (a) Self-healing process of coumarin-based polyurethane under UV irra...Figure 6.7 (a) SEM images of non-irradiated and UV irradiated PUE and PUC, (b) f...Figure 6.8 (a) SEM images of the conductor with (1) cutoff area on its surface, ...Figure 6.9 Healing process of (a) (I-III) Cu2+-BDT hydrogel (5.64 wt%) and (IV-V...Figure 6.10 (a) (I–III) The GO-B-PVA-KCl hydrogel self-healing cycle under atmos...Figure 6.11 (a) Structural feature and shape memory performance of the developed...Figure 6.12 Artificial shape memory flower based on the MWCNT-CPPC composite, (b...Figure 6.13 Cyclic shape memory performance of the artificial flower governed vi...Figure 6.14 (a) 3D view of encapsulated polymeric solar cells, (b) encapsulated ...Figure 6.15 (a) Chemical formula of FA and PPA along with crystalline structure ...Figure 6.16 (a) Cross sectional SEM photograph of polymeric solar cell with 500 ...
7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Fiber and capsule based approaches for self-healable systems [14].Figure 7.2 The methods for the construction of self‐repairing materials. Capsula...Figure 7.3 View of fabrication procedure of silica/polyurea hybridized self-repa...Figure 7.4 View of coaxial electrospun method [43].Figure 7.5 (a) Dual coaxial electrospinng core–shell fibers incorporated into un...Figure 7.6 (a) SEM of resin-PAN (left), Cure-PAN (right) core–shell nanoscale fi...Figure 7.7 Fabrication of core–shell nanofiber using emulsion electrospinning ap...Figure 7.8 Representation of fabrication nanofibers healing materials, (b) Macro...Figure 7.9 (a) View of creation of self-repairing materials embedding the core–s...Figure 7.10 (a) Core–nanofiber shell with self‐healing capability into the lamin...
8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Schematic representations of conventional polymer, supramolecular pol...Scheme 8.1 Deterioration and recovery reactions of PC [33].Scheme 8.2 Mechanism of polymerization and repair for Diels-Alder cross linked p...Scheme 8.3 Schematic representation of the self-healing concept via reversible D...Scheme 8.4 Schematic representation of the synthesis of the maleimide methacryla...Scheme 8.5 Schematic representation of the copolymerization of AMA, FMA, and MIM...Scheme 8.6 Steps for grafting of maleimide groups on carbon fiber surface [42].Figure 8.2 Section views of first trial sample using X-ray tomography [50].Figure 8.3 Section views of second trial sample using X-ray tomography [50].Scheme 8.7 Synthesis of acylhydrazones and representation of its functionalities...Scheme 8.8 Modification of acylhydrazones by dialdehyde exchange and dihydrazine...Figure 8.4 Sol-gel phase transition of the covalent polymer gel in response to a...Figure 8.5 Sol–gel phase transition of the covalent polymer gel in response to a...Scheme 8.9 Synthesis of the dynamic polymer (P1) by polycondensation of the mono...Scheme 8.10 Demonstration of chemical structure of the double crosslinked system...Scheme 8.11 Crosslinking diagram of a (A) single crosslinked network and (B) a d...Figure 8.6 Optical microscope images after different healing conditions: (a) 4 h...Scheme 8.12 Inactive species (1) is fragmented into two radical species: A nitro...Figure 8.7 Healing of specimens in 3 healing cycles [76].Scheme 8.13 Chemical structures of DABBF—noncleaved and cleaved forms [79].Figure 8.8 Self-healing behavior of cross-linked polymer gels (one piece is tint...Scheme 8.14 Synthesis of boronic ester network materials via photoinitiated thio...Scheme 8.15 Mechanism of healing proposed by Cash et al. [80].Scheme 8.16 Hydrogen bonds between two PUy groups [82].Scheme 8.17 Complexation of perylene by complementary π-π stacking with the chai...Scheme 8.18 Model structure of chain-folding bis-pyrenyl group and chain-folding...Figure 8.9 Self-healing “phase diagram” showing ballistic puncture-reversal as a...Scheme 8.19 Schematic representation of the synthesis of triazole-pyridine-based...
9 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Number of publications on self-healing materials in corrosion protec...Figure 10.2 SECM images of the epoxy coating, including zinc phosphate immersed ...Figure 10.3 Schematic demonstration of the self-healing process of the PEO coati...Figure 10.4 FE-SEM–EDX elemental map of mild steel coated with MMT-Zn-BIA immers...Figure 10.5 Surface morphologies of PEO coatings following electrochemical corro...Figure 10.6. Results of salt spray test for the coating systems (a) without LDH,...Figure 10.7 UWT spectra of the ECN signals obtained for blank (a), SC (b), SCN (...Figure 10.8. A schematic presentation for the LDHs protection mechanism with dif...
10 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Self-healable conductors for healing cracks and cuts.Figure 11.2 Self-healable elastomers of efficiency 100% and near 100%.Figure 11.3. Schematic representation of various applications [30–34].Figure 11.4. (a) Conductive self-healing material, (b) wooden mannequin embedded...Figure 11.5. Reversible dynamic self-healing process [2].Figure 11.6 Schematic representation of polymer and nickel particles [15].Figure 11.7 Polymer healing process [5].Figure 11.8 Conductive unit: (a) Multiple layer of microelectronic device, (b) i...Figure 11.9. Conductive wire self-healable: (a) Originalself-healable conductive...Figure 11.10. Schematic transistor with ionic liquid structure [64].Figure 11.11 (a) AgNWs/(bPEI/PAA–HA) film circuit with LED: (a1 to a6) various s...Figure 11.12. Self-healing conductive composite materials.Figure 11.13 Self-healing process of conductive composite [77].Figure 11.14. Redox-initiated self-healing coating [83].
11 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 (a) Self-healing electrode made by LCGO and AgNW solution. (b) Photo...Figure 12.2 FTIR spectra of grafted CNC and CNF and various composites [Reprinte...Figure 12.3 (a) Compositional schematic multifunctional material. (b) The self-h...Figure 12.4 (a) The schematic preparation process of the TC-Gel and (b) the corr...Figure 12.5 (a) Typical tensile and (b) compression stress–strain curves of TC-G...Figure 12.6 (a) Ion conductive self-healing hydrogel. (b) Cut-and-contact self-h...Figure 12.7 Effects of MEK vapor treatment on Ag NWs/h-PDMS. (a) SEM micrographs...Figure 12.8 Two pieces of organogel were placed together and stretched without f...Figure 12.9 Schematic illustration of self-healing of the capacitive device and ...Scheme 12.1 Structure of compound 1 and compound 2 [14].Figure 12.10 AgNW/polymer-based pressure sensor fabrication (steps 1–7) and the ...Figure 12.11 Illustration of pressure sensor made by polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose...Figure 12.12 (a) Illustration of Pressure sensor (b) capacitance change of senso...Figure 12.13 (a) The five independent sensors conformally adhered to five finger...Figure 12.14 application for early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease. [Reprinted ...Figure 12.15 Resistance changes of the electronic skin in response to facial exp...Figure 12.16 PC/rGO/PVA hydrogel electrode used to detect signals for the (a) EC...Figure 12.17 (a) LSCM images for of microcracks with a tensile strain of 0, 10, ...Figure 12.18 (a) The chameleon images (from Guangzhou Yingmeiqing Information Te...
12 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Illustration of autonomous and non-autonomous self-healing mechanism...Figure 13.2 Schematic layout of self-healing mechanism.Figure 13.3 Intrinsic and extrinsic self repairing materials.Figure 13.4 Self-healing mechanism (a) Capsule-based, (b) Vascular, (c) Hollow g...
13 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Classification of S-H materials.Figure 14.2 Flowchart depicting the different strategies for designing S-H mater...Figure 14.3 (a) The histogram showing the trend in the publications based on S-H...Figure 14.4 Schematic illustration of S-H in stimuli-responsive S-H polymers.Figure 14.5 The plot depicting the trend in the publications based on stimuli-re...Figure 14.6 (a) Schematic representation depicting the S-H capability of DA base...Figure 14.7 Microcapsules decorated superhydrophobic shape memory micropillar ar...
14 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Schematic of (a) monomers, (b) copolymers, and (c) supramolecular po...Figure 15.2 (a) Photograph of gels formed by the 1:1 Zn2+:AMP mixture at differe...Figure 15.3 (a) Photographs of Zn/AMP gels after disruption and vortexing and re...Figure 15.4 Mechanical reconfiguration of crystals during the thermally and mech...Figure 15.5 AFM images of form II terephthalic acid at (010) plane; (a, b) Topog...Figure 15.6 Visualization of self-healing in CNCs: (I) initial sample, (II) cut ...Figure 15.7 (a) Cellulose chemical structure and its TEM image, (b) Chemical str...Figure
