Introduction To Modern Planar Transmission Lines. Anand K. Verma

Figure 5.5 Oblique incidence of plane wave at three different angles of incidence.

(5.3.5)

The negative (−) value is selected in further computation as it provides exponentially decaying fields with distance from the interface in the medium #2. The choice of positive (+) value results in the exponentially growing field with the distance that is physically not possible in a usual passive medium. The expressions (5.3.5b,d,e) are used for both the TE and TM polarization to compute the reflection and transmission coefficients, and also the refracted fields in medium #2 for the case θ₁ > θ_c

      TE Polarization

      Equation (5.2.8c,d) for the reflection and transmission coefficients of the obliquely incident TE‐polarized wave, using an equation (5.3.5a) are reduced to the following expression:

      (5.3.6)

The interface surface acts as a PMC surface for the TE‐polarized incident wave under the case θ₁ ≥ θ_c because . Over a certain frequency band, it is realized as the artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surface. At the critical angle, θ₂ = π/2, the transmitted wave propagates along the y‐direction at the interface x = 0⁺, as shown in Fig (5.5b). For the case θ₁ > θ_c, shown in Fig (5.5c), the interface supports the slow‐wave type surface wave propagation. It is demonstrated below.

      For the case θ₁ > θ_c, the electric and magnetic field component and power flow of the TE‐polarized wave in the medium #2 is obtained from using equation (5.3.5) with equation (5.2.10a):

(5.3.7)

In equation (5.3.7a,b,c), the y‐directed wavevector k_2y and attenuation factor α are given by equation (5.3.5). Equation (5.3.7a,b,c) shows that along the direction normal to the interface, i.e. + x‐direction, the field is exponentially decaying in medium #2; showing the confinement of field near the interface. However, the wave propagates in the y‐direction. It is also evident from the complex Poynting vector giving real power transportation in the y‐direction, while imaginary power shows storages of energy in the x‐directed evanescent field. So the interface supports a surface wave, excited at the interface of two media by the obliquely TE‐polarized incident plane wave at the angle of incidence θ₁ ≥ θ_c. The surface wave, in more detail, is discussed in chapter 7. Its phase velocity along the y‐axis is

(5.3.8)

In equation (5.3.8), as ε_r1 > ε_r2; so , i.e. the phase velocity of the surface wave is less than that of in the medium #2. Therefore, the surface wave is a slow‐wave.

      TM Polarization

      All three cases of the angle of incidence apply to the TM‐polarized obliquely incident plane wave. For θ₁ > θ_c, the reflection and transmission coefficients of the TM‐polarization, given by equation (5.2.28) are reduced to

(5.3.9)

      The electric and magnetic field components of the TM polarization, also the complex Poynting vector in the medium #2 under θ₁ > θ_c, could be obtained using equation (5.3.5), from equation (5.2.18). The results are summarized below:

(5.3.10)

The expression (5.3.9a) shows that there is a total reflection at the interface for θ₁ ≥ θ_c, without any transmission of power from the medium #1 to medium #2. The transmission coefficient shows the presence of the x‐directed evanescent field in the medium #2. Under such conditions, the interface acts as a perfect electrical conductor (PEC); so the interface surface of two media can act as the artificial electric conductor (AEC). However, there is an exponentially decaying field in the medium #2, and the interface supports the surface wave propagation along the interface at x = 0⁺ in the y‐direction. The real power carried in the y-direction along the surface is given by the real part of equation (5.3.10). The imaginary part of the Poynting vector shows the stored energy in the evanescent field. Figure (5.5c) shows the surface wave propagation in the y-direction that also occurs in the case of the obliquely incident TE‐polarized waves.

      This subsection shows the existence of a surface wave at the interface of natural media. However, artificially engineered metasurfaces discussed in subsection (22.5.5) of chapter 2 has additional ability to control the surface wave in the desired manner, and also reradiate it as the leaky wave.

5.4 EM‐Waves Incident at Dielectric Slab

      The

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