OBSERVATIONAL ESTIMATES OF TIME‐EVOLVING DYNAMIC TOPOGRAPHY
15.6 FRONTIERS AND OUTSTANDING CHALLENGES
15.7 SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
16 Connecting the Deep Earth and the Atmosphere
16.1 INTRODUCTION
16.2 OBSERVED LINKS BETWEEN DEEP EARTH AND SURFACE VOLCANISM
16.3 PLUME ASCENT SCENARIOS
16.4 VOLCANISM AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON VARIOUS TIMESCALES
16.5 LIPs AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY: LONG‐TERM EFFECTS
16.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS AND CHALLENGES
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
APPENDIX 16.1
17 Mercury, Moon, Mars: Surface Expressions of Mantle Convection and Interior Evolution of Stagnant‐Lid Bodies
17.1 INTRODUCTION
17.2 MAGMA OCEAN SOLIDIFICATION AND ONSET OF SOLID‐STATE MANTLE CONVECTION
17.3 CRUSTAL MANIFESTATIONS
17.4 IMPACTS
17.5 MANTLE COOLING AND MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATION
17.6 ADDITIONAL SURFICIAL MANIFESTATION
17.7 SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
11 Index
List of Tables
1 Chapter 1Table 1.1 Summary of parameters used in geodynamic models.zlm denotes the dep...
2 Chapter 2Table 2.1 Summary of inferred slip systems in the major lower mantle phases a...
3 Chapter 3Table 3.1 Finite‐strain parameters for mineral phases of the lower mantle.
4 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Seismic observations and best fitting Reuss–bound results for the f...Appendix Table 8.A1 Seismic properties and their uncertainties for (Mg0.60Fe0...Appendix Table 8.A2 Events used for examples in Figures 3,5, and 8 (1–10) and...
5 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Overview of past observational studies of CMB topography and densit...
6 Chapter 13Table 13.1 Summary of synthetic paths used to investigate anisotropy in the g...
7 Chapter 15Table 15.1 Summary of techniques available for inferring changes in dynamic t...
8 Chapter 16Table 16.1 List of 27 hotspots that we analyse (Figure 16.5) and which are th...Table 16.2 Large igneous provinces (LIPs, Figure 16.4a), eruption latitude wi...Table 16.3 Estimated subduction flux for the past 400 Myrs that we use to def...
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Correlation between structure at 2800 km depth and other mantle d...Figure 1.2 Shown here are plots of Voigt VS variations at spherical harmonic...Figure 1.3 Radial correlation functions computed for four recent global tomo...Figure 1.4 (A) Viscosity profiles used in our geodynamic models. For compari...Figure 1.5 Power spectra of four recent global VS tomographic models. Becaus...Figure 1.6 Results from transdimensional, hierarchical, Bayesian inversions ...Figure 1.7 Divergence component of plate motions computed for 0, 100, and 20...
2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Approximate pressure and temperature capabilities of various defo...Figure 2.2 Summary of high‐pressure differential stress measurements on peri...Figure 2.3 Summary of high‐pressure differential stress measurement on CaSiOFigure 2.4 Summary of textures observed in ferropericlase (a) and (b), CaSiOFigure 2.5 Summary of the various textures types observed in post‐perovskite...Figure 2.6 Schematic of (a) interconnected weak layer and (b) load‐bearing f...Figure 2.7 Texture development during diamond anvil cell deformation of brid...
3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Variations in P‐wave velocities for isotropic polycrystalli...Figure 3.2 Variations in S‐wave velocities for isotropic polycrystalli...Figure 3.3 Variations in P-wave (a) and S-wave (b) velocities of bridgmanite...Figure 3.4 Energy diagrams for multi‐electron states that arise from the 3d ...Figure 3.5 (a–c) Reanalysis of elastic moduli of ferropericlase (a), sound w...Figure 3.6 Exchange coefficients for Fe‐Mg exchange between bridgmanite and ...Figure 3.7 P-wave (a) and S-wave (b) velocities for different mineral phases...Figure 3.8 Relative contrasts between modeled P-wave (upper row) and S-wave ...
