multi-bay frame structureFigure 3.2. Member with an axial loadFigure 3.3. Member under bending effect in elastic rangeFigure 3.4. Normal stress for the combined effect of axial load and flexural mom...Figure 3.5. A member with transverse loadsFigure 3.6. Shear stress distribution on the transverse section of the rectangul...Figure 3.7. Deformation of a bar under an axial loadFigure 3.8. A buckled member4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1. Topology, shape and sizing optimization of an I-beam (Jakiela et al....Figure 4.2. Topology, shape and sizing optimization of structural optimization (...Figure 4.3. I-beam problemFigure 4.4. Convergence graph for the I-beam problem. For a color version of thi...Figure 4.5. Tubular column and A–A cross-sectionFigure 4.6. The cantilever beam
5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1. The optimized systemFigure 5.2. Truss optimization problemFigure 5.3. A 25-bar space truss structure (Degertekin and Hayalioglu 2013)Figure 5.4. Schematic of the spatial 72-bar truss structure (Camp and Farshchin ...Figure 5.5. Schematic of the planar 200-bar truss structure
6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1. The stresses on an RC beam cross-sectionFigure 6.2. RC beam with design variablesFigure 6.3. Design variables of the optimization of RC spread footingsFigure 6.4. Optimized RC column with loading conditionsFigure 6.5. Design variables of the optimum RC column problemFigure 6.6. Flowchart of the proposed methodFigure 6.7. Types of load distributions for the RC frameFigure 6.8. Model of the first RC frame exampleFigure 6.9. Model of the second RC frame exampleFigure 6.10. Model of the cylindrical wallFigure 6.11. Flowchart for the optimum design of the RC cylindrical wall.Figure 6.12. The model of the post-tensioned cylindrical wallFigure 6.13. Longitudinal moment along the wall height. For a color version of t...
7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1. The Berlin TV Tower. For a color version of this figure, see www.ist...Figure 7.2. The Theme Building at LAX (Miyamoto et al. 2011). For a color versio...Figure 7.3. The physical model of the SDOF structure with TMDFigure 7.4. Impulsive motionsFigure 7.5. MDOF shear building model with TMDFigure 7.6. TFN plot for the 10-story structureFigure 7.7. TFN plot for the 40-story structure. For a color version of this fig...Figure 7.8. Top-story displacement of the 10-story structure (DUZCE/BOL090)Figure 7.9. Top-story displacement of the 10-story structure (Northhr/Rrs-032)Figure 7.10. Top-story displacement of the 10-story structure (Chichi/Tcu084-271...Figure 7.11. Top-story displacement of the 40-story structure (Chichi/Chy101-N)....Figure 7.12. Top-story displacement of the 40-story structure (Chichi/Tcu065-272...Figure 7.13. Top-story displacement of the 40-story structure (Kocaeli/Ypt-180)....Figure 7.14. Schematics of the prototype seismically isolated structure
8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1. Stress–strain diagram as a collection of piece-wise continuous linesFigure 8.2. Ten-member truss, geometry with the numbering of joints (Toklu 2004c...Figure 8.3. Deflected shape of the 10-bar truss when the right support is remove...Figure 8.4. Deflected shapes of the 10-member truss after yielding. Material: el...Figure 8.5. Load–deformation curve for the 10-member truss. Load H applied at jo...Figure 8.6. Deflected shapes for the 10-member truss under the effect of load H ...Figure 8.7. The triangular elementFigure 8.8. Twelve-member, 14-node model of a quarter of a thick-walled pipe wit...
List of Tables
1 Chapter 2Table 2.1. Iterative stages of PSO example
2 Chapter 3Table 3.1. Design constants of a three-story frame example
3 Chapter 4Table 4.1. Objective function of the I-beam problem for different population num...Table 4.2. Objective function of the I-beam problem for different population num...Table 4.3. Optimum results of the I-beam problemTable 4.4. Design constants of the tubular columnTable 4.5. Optimum results for the tubular column exampleTable 4.6. Objective function and design variables of the tubular column problem...Table 4.7. Optimum results of a cantilever beam (Example 1)Table 4.8. Objective function of the cantilever beam problem for different popul...Table 4.9. Objective function of the cantilever beam problem for different popul...
4 Chapter 5Table 5.1. Design constants of the 5-bar truss structureTable 5.2. Optimum results of the 5-bar truss structureTable 5.3. Optimum results of the 5-bar truss structure for different inertia fu...Table 5.4. Optimum results of the 3-bar truss structure (existing methods)Table 5.5. Optimum results of the 3-bar truss structure (DE – different F)Table 5.6. Optimum results of the 3-bar truss structure (DE – different populati...Table 5.7. Member grouping and corresponding stress limits for the 25-bar space ...Table 5.8. Multiple loading conditions for the 25-bar space trussTable 5.9. Optimization results of the 25-bar truss space problemTable 5.10. Sensitivity of the optimized weight of the 25-bar space truss struct...Table 5.11. Multiple load cases for the 72-bar trussTable 5.12. Optimization results and comparison with the literature for the 72-b...Table 5.13. Member grouping for the planar 200-bar truss structureTable 5.14. Optimization results for the 200-bar truss optimization problem
5 Chapter 6Table 6.1. Optimum results of the RC beam (JA)Table 6.2. Optimum results of the RC beam (TLBO)Table 6.3. Optimum results of the RC beam (FPA)Table 6.4. Design constants and ranges of the design variables of RC spread foot...Table 6.5. Optimum results of RC spread footing with discrete variablesTable 6.6. Optimum results of RC spread footing with continuous variablesTable 6.7. Parameters of the objective function of the optimum RC columnTable 6.8. Design constants and ranges of design variablesTable 6.9. Optimum values of the RC column problemTable 6.10. Earthquake records used in the RC frameTable 6.11. Design constants and ranges of design variables of RC frame examplesTable 6.12. Optimum design of columns (Frame 1)Table 6.13. Optimum design of beams (Frame 1)Table 6.14. Optimum design of columns (Frame 2)Table 6.15. Optimum design of beams (Frame 2)Table 6.16. Constraints of the RC cylindrical wallTable 6.17. Optimum results for post-tensioned RC wallTable 6.18. Design variables of the optimization of a post-tensioned wall
6 Chapter 7Table 7.1. Frequency and damping ratio expressions of the TMD optimizationTable 7.2. Optimum resultsTable 7.3. Properties of the 10-story structureTable 7.4. Optimum results of the 10-story structureTable 7.5. Story parameters of the 40-story structureTable 7.6. Optimum results of the 40-story structureTable 7.7. Far-field ground motions (FEMA P-695 2009)Table 7.8. Near-field ground motions with pulses (FEMA P-695 2009)Table 7.9. Near-field ground motions without pulses (FEMA P-695 2009)Table 7.10. Responses of the 10-story structure under far-field recordsTable 7.11. Responses of the 10-story structure under near-field records with pu...Table 7.12. Responses of the 10-story structure under near-field records without...Table 7.13. Responses of the 40-story structure under far-field recordsTable 7.14. Responses of the 40-story structure under near-field records with pu...Table 7.15. Responses of the 40-story structure under near-field records without...Table 7.16. Optimum parameters of the isolation system (Nigdeli et al. 2013)Table 7.17. Earthquake data used in the optimization of a seismic isolation syst...Table 7.18. Response of optimum base-isolated structure (Nigdeli et al. 2013)
7 Chapter 8Table 8.1. Comparison between FEM and TPO/MA
Guide
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