1.3. Current morphology of Iceland. (a) A volcanic island shaped and occu...Figure 1.4. The northern part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, modified from (Müller e...Figure 1.5. The North Atlantic Igneous Province (from Storey et al. 2007; Thodar...Figure 1.6. Seismic imaging of the upper mantle at the Icelandic hot spotFigure 1.7. Seismicity in Iceland recorded by the SIL network between 1994 and 2...Figure 1.8. W-E topographic section of Iceland with its various morphological an...Figure 1.9. Global sea level evolution from the Eocene to the present day in rel...Figure 1.10. The Northwest Peninsula, western Iceland, and the strandflat3 Chapter 2Figure 2.1. Interactions between an oceanic ridge and a hot spot, and the specif...Figure 2.2. Plate boundaries in Iceland and major structural zones. Holocene vol...Figure 2.3. Earthquakes and structures related to the propagation of the Bárðarb...Figure 2.4. Seismic faults and microseismicity in the Tjörnes Fracture Zone (mod...Figure 2.5. Seismicity in the Tjörnes Fracture Zone (modified from Þorbjarnardót...Figure 2.6. Seismicity in the South Icelandic Seismic Zone (modified from Stefán...Figure 2.7. The faults of the earthquakes of June 17 and 21, 2000 (modified from...Figure 2.8. Surface traces of the June 17 and 21, 2000 earthquakesFigure 2.9. Seismicity in the Reykjanes PeninsulaFigure 2.10. Sedimentary record of fault activity during deglaciationFigure 2.11. Plate boundary motions in Iceland (modified from Sigmundsson et al....Figure 2.12. Ages of the (projected) dykes along a transect N 106° E (40Ar/39Ar ...Figure 2.13. Tectonic evolution of Iceland since 8 My (according to Garcia 2003)...Figure 2.14. Volcanic systems of Iceland (modified from Einarsson and Sæmundsson...Figure 2.15. Krafla fissure swarm in the Leirhnjúkur sector, view toward the sou...Figure 2.16. West facing normal faults illustrating the step pattern in the Voga...Figure 2.17. The Vogar fissure swarm, Reykjanes Peninsula (modified from Villemi...Figure 2.18. Fissure swarms in the NVZ . (A) Kverkfjöll (modified from Plateaux ...Figure 2.19. Relationships between open fractures geometry at the surface and no...Figure 2.20. Vertical partitioning of the deformation in fissure swarmsFigure 2.21. Normal faults and dykes in tertiary lava flows in Glaðheimar, Borga...Figure 2.22. Simplified models of the formation and growth of a normal rift faul...Figure 2.23. Development of a normal fault from en échelon joints (modified from...Figure 2.24. Along-strike profiles of vertical offsets for some faults in the Vo...Figure 2.25. Conceptual model of normal fault growth in the Icelandic rift (from...Figure 2.26. The Tjörnes Fracture ZoneFigure 2.27. The Dalvik Line. (A) Morphostuctural traces in the Flateyjarskagi a...Figure 2.28. Cosismic loading deformations in Holocene glacio-marine sediments (...Figure 2.29. The Húsavík-Flatey Fault, on the coastal cliff, under the former ga...Figure 2.30. Geometry of the TFZ and junction with the Þeistareykir fissure swar...Figure 2.31. The Húsavík-Flatey Fault (HFF) in the Tjörnes Peninsula. (A) Aerial...Figure 2.32. Types of tectonic deformation encountered on the northern coast of ...Figure 2.33. Neogene and present-day faults and stresses in the Flateyjarskagi P...Figure 2.34. Stress states in the Flateyjarskagi Peninsula (from Angelier et al....Figure 2.35. The South Iceland Seismic Zone (SISZ) between the East and West Vol...Figure 2.36. The Vörðufell massif (SISZ)Figure 2.37. Figures of water escape (cosismic deformation) in the Rangá intergl...Figure 2.38. Normal faults in Holocene pumice, postglacial Seyðishólar crater (m...Figure 2.39. Traces of historical and present major seismic faults in the South ...Figure 2.40. Schematic representation (without scale) of a seismic fault trace i...Figure 2.41. The Réttarnes Fault (SISZ). (A) Mapping of a segment of the fault (...Figure 2.42. The Leirubakki Fault (SISZ). (A) Aerial view toward the south (Águs...Figure 2.43. Different shapes of push-ups according to the substratum (modified ...Figure 2.44. Geometrical characteristics of push-ups and associated fractures (m...Figure 2.45. Schematic representation of bookshelf faulting in the SISZ (modifie...Figure 2.46. Theoretical development of a major E-W sinistral strike-slip zone, ...Figure 2.47. Schematic representation of faults and corresponding stress states ...Figure 2.48. Distribution of low- and high-temperature geothermal systems in Ice...Figure 2.49. Use of high-temperature geothermal energy in southwest Iceland. (A)...Figure 2.50. The thermal anomaly of the Hvalfjörður. (A) Map of the geothermal g...Figure 2.51. The Deildartunga (Deldartunguhver) hot spring in western Iceland (B...Figure 2.52. Simplified model of a low-temperature geothermal field (modified fr...Figure 2.53. Products of hydrothermal activity. (A) Seltún hot springs area (Kle...Figure 2.54. Geysers and hydrothermal sourcesFigure 2.55. Hydrothermal activity at Námafjall, in the Myvatn sector (NVZ). (A)...
4 Chapter 3Figure 3.1. Residual topography of the North Atlantic and GeoidFigure 3.2. Laurussia at the end of the Silurian (from Cocks and Torsvik 2011)Figure 3.3. The two major modes of continental breakupFigure 3.4. Interpretation of seismic reflection profiles off the coast of Brazi...Figure 3.5. Model of a mantle plume rising beneath a lithosphere of variable thi...Figure 3.6. Cenozoic magneto-stratigraphic and climatic scale (Ogg et al. 2016) ...Figure 3.7. Free-air gravimetric map of the Northeast Atlantic region. Document ...Figure 3.8. (a) The Labrador–Baffin Rift: geological map of the Labrador Sea and...Figure 3.8. (b) Magnetic anomalies in nannotesla (nT) in the Labrador Sea and Da...Figure 3.9. The Northeast Atlantic: main oceanic basins and active or extinct ri...Figure 3.10. Mesozoic continental extension in the Northeast AtlanticFigure 3.11. (a) Reconstructed map of the North Atlantic (or Thulean) Paleogene ...Figure 3.11. (b)Thulean magmatism: cumulative frequency diagram of North Atlanti...Figure 3.12. (a and b) Paleocene-Eocene magmatism of the Northeast Atlantic regi...Figure 3.12. (c and d) Paleocene-Eocene magmatism of the Northeast Atlantic regi...Figure 3.12. (e–g) Paleocene-Eocene magmatism of the Northeast Atlantic region. ...Figure 3.13. Volcanic margins of the Northeast Atlantic (from Chauvet et al. 201...Figure 3.14. Magnetic anomalies in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean (Gaina et al. 20...Figure 3.15. Magnetic anomalies in the Reykjanes Basin (Mercur’ev et al. 2009)Figure 3.16. Kinematic reconstructions of the Northeast Atlantic opening and ind...Figure 3.17. Map of open-air gravimetric anomalies of the Reykjanes Basin (from ...Figure 3.18. Anomalies around Iceland (A) magnetic anomalies and (B) free-air gr...Figure 3.19. Tomographic models following the same section of the Northeast Atla...Figure 3.20. Crustal thickness in the Northeast Atlantic region (Funck et al. 20...Figure 3.21. Successive positions of the Icelandic hot spot during the drift of ...Figure 3.22. Summary of the deep refraction seismic data along the GIFR ridge (f...Figure 3.23. Crustal structure of IcelandFigure 3.24. Icelandic seismic crust. Seismic velocities are in km.s−1. Note the...Figure 3.25. Outcropping Icelandic SDRs. (A) SDRs of terminal Miocene age (about...Figure 3.26. Crustal structure in northern Iceland (modified from Bourgeois et a...Figure 3.27. (a and b) Schematic models of the formation of volcanic passive mar...
List of Tables
1 Chapter 2Table 2.1. Table of trace measurements of some historical seismic faults of the ...Table 2.2. Determination of the total magnitude and rupture length of some histo...
Guide
1 Cover
