Statistical Quality Control. Bhisham C. Gupta

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href="http://www.wiley.com/college/gupta/SQC">www.wiley.com/college/gupta/SQC. The CSV (ANSI) files can easily be imported into the R and Python software discussed in this book.

       Solutions to all review practice problems presented in this text are available to instructors on the book’s website: www.wiley.com/college/gupta/SQC.

       PowerPoint slides to aid instructors in the preparations of lectures are available on the book’s website: www.wiley.com/college/gupta/SQC.

      I have thoroughly reviewed the text to make sure it is as error‐free as possible. However, any errors discovered will be listed on the book’s website: www.wiley.com/college/gupta/SQC.

      If you encounter any errors as you are using the book, please send them to me at [email protected] so that they can be corrected in a timely manner on the website and in future editions. I also welcome any suggestions for improvement you may have, and I thank you in advance for helping me improve the book for future readers.

      I am grateful to the following reviewers and colleagues whose comments and suggestions were invaluable in improving the text:

       Dr. Bill Bailey, Kennesaw State University

       Dr. Raj Chikkara, Professor Emeritus, University of Houston

       Dr. Muhammad A. El‐Taha, Professor of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Southern Maine

       Dr. Sandy Furterer, University of Dayton, Ohio

       Dr. Irwin Guttman, Professor Emeritus of Statistics, SUNY at Buffalo and Univ. of Toronto

       Dr. Ramesh C. Gupta, Professor of Statistics, University of Maine

       Dr. Kalanka P. Jayalath, University of Houston

       Dr. Jamison Kovach, University of Houston

       Dr. Eric Laflamme, Associate Professor of Statistics, Plymouth State University

       Dr. Mary McShane‐Vaughn, Principal, Partner‐University Training Partners

       Dr. Daniel Zalewski, University of Dayton, Ohio

       Dr. Weston Viles, Assistant professor of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Southern Maine

      I would like to thank George Bernier (M.S. Mathematics, M.S. Statistics), who is a lecturer in mathematics and statistics at the University of Southern Maine. He provided assistance in the development of material pertaining to R and also helped by proofreading two of the chapters.

      I would also like to express my thanks and appreciation to Dr. Eric Laflamme, Associate Professor of Mathematics and Statistics at Plymouth State University of New Hampshire, for helping by proofreading five of the chapters. Last but not least, I would also like to thank Mark W. Thoren (M.S. Electrical Engineering, staff scientist at Analog Devices) for providing assistance in the development of material pertaining to Python. Finally, I would like to thank Dr. Mary McShane‐Vaughn, Principal at University Training Partners, for providing Chapter 2 on Lean Six Sigma. Her concise explanation of the subject has helped give context to why we must monitor the variability of processes to achieve and sustain improvements.

      I would like to gratefully thank my family and acknowledge the patience and support of my wife, Swarn; daughters, Anita and Anjali; son, Shiva; sons‐in‐law, Prajay and Mark; daughter‐in‐law, Aditi; and wonderful grandchildren, Priya, Kaviya, Ayush, Amari, Sanvi, Avni, and Dylan.

      Bhisham C. Gupta

      About the Companion Website

      This book is accompanied by a companion website:

       www.wiley.com/go/college/gupta/SQC

      The companion websites include:

       Chapter 10 (instructor and student sites)

       SQC Data Folder (instructor and student sites)

       PowerPoint Files (instructor site only)

       Instructors’ Solution Manual (instructor site only)

       Students’ Solution Manual (student site only)

      1.1 Introduction

      Readers of this book have most likely used or heard the word quality. The concept of quality is centuries old. Many authors have defined quality, and some of these definitions are as follows:

       Joseph M. Juran defined quality as “fitness for intended use.” This definition implies that quality means meeting or exceeding customer expectations.

       W. Edwards Deming stated that the customer's definition of quality is the one that really matters. He said, “A product is of good quality if it meets the needs of a customer and the customer is glad that he or she bought that product.” Deming also gave an alternative definition of quality: “A predictable degree of uniformity and dependability with a quality standard suited to the customer.”

       Philip B. Crosby defined quality as “conformance to requirements, not as ‘goodness' or ‘elegance.'” By conformance, he meant that the performance standard must be zero defects and not “close enough.” He is known for his concept of “Do it right the first time.”

      The underlying concept in all these definitions is much the same: consistency of performance and conformance with the specifications while keeping the customer's interests in mind.

      Statistical quality control (SQC) refers to a set of statistical tools used to monitor, measure, and improve process performance in real time.

      Definition 1.1

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