(Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, B 87). Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert.17 Jursa, M. (2010). Aspects of the Economic History of Babylonia in the First Millennium BC (Alter Orient und Altes Testament 377). Münster: Ugarit‐Verlag.
18 Kehne, P. (2009). Zur Phänomenologie, Typologie und völkerrechtlichen Grundlage internationaler Massendeportationen in der griechisch‐römischen Antike. Marburger Beiträge zur antiken Handelsgeschichte, 26, pp. 75–138.
19 Kraus, J. (2004). Die Demographie des Alten Ägypten: Eine Phänomenologie anhand altägyptischer Quellen. PhD. Göttingen: eDiss Goettingen University.
20 Lipschits, O. (2003). Demographic changes in Judah between the 7th and the 5th centuries BCE. In O. Lipschits, J. Blenkinsopp (eds.), Judah and the Judeans in the Neo‐Babylonian Period. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, pp. 323–376.
21 Lipschits, O. (2005). The Fall and Rise of Jerusalem: The History of Judah under Babylonian Rule. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.
22 Lipschits, O., Tal, O. (2007). The settlement archaeology of Judah between the 5th and 3rd centuries B.C.E. In O. Lipschits, R. Albertz (eds.), Judah and the Judeans in the 4th Century BCE. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, pp. 33–52.
23 Matarese, C. (in press). Deportationen in achaimenidischer Zeit. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
24 McEvedy, C., Jones, R. (1978). Atlas of World Population History. Harmondsworth: Puffin.
25 Olshausen, E. (1997). Deportationen zu Anfang der Auseinandersetzungen zwischen Griechen und Persern. Orbis Terrarum, 3, pp. 101–107.
26 Ruffing, K. (2009). Die ‘Satrapienliste’ des Dareios: Herodoteisches Konstrukt oder Realität? Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran und Turan, 41, pp. 323–339.
27 Scheidel, W. (2001). Debating Roman Demography (Mnemosyne Supplements 211). Leiden: Brill.
28 Scheidel, W. (2004). Demographic and economic development in the ancient Mediterranean world. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 160, pp. 743–757.
29 Scheidel, W. (2007). Demography. In W. Scheidel, I. Morris, and R. Saller (eds.), The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco‐Roman World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 38–86.
30 Scheidel, W. (2009). Population and demography. In A. Erskine (ed.), A Companion to Ancient History. Malden, MA/Oxford/Chichester: Blackwell, pp. 134–145.
31 Scheidel, W. (2012), Epigraphy and demography: birth, marriage, family, and death. In J. Davies, J. Wilkes (eds.), Epigraphy and the Historical Sciences (Proceedings of the British Academy 177). Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 101–129.
32 Schunka, A., Olshausen, E. (eds.) (2010). Migrationserfahrungen – Migrationsstrukturen (Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Historischen Migrationsforschung 7). Stuttgart: Steiner.
33 Tuplin, C. (1998). The seasonal migration of Achaemenid kings: a report on old and new evidence. In M. Brosius, A. Kuhrt (eds.), Studies in Persian History: Essays in Memory of David M. Lewis. Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten, pp. 63–114.
34 Tuplin, C. (2008). Taxation and death: certainties in the Persepolis fortfication archive? In P. Briant, W.F.M. Henkelman, and M.W. Stolper (eds.), L’Archive des Fortifications de Persépolis: état des questions et perspectives de recherches (Persika 12). Paris: de Boccard, pp. 317–386.
35 Waerzeggers, C. (2006). The Carians of Borsippa. Iraq, 68, pp. 1–22.
36 Wasmuth, M. (2017). Ägypto‐persische Herrscher‐ und Herrschaftspräsentation in der Achämenidenzeit (Oriens et Occidens 27). Stuttgart: Steiner.
FURTHER READING
The books and/or articles by Frier, Scheidel, and Pudsey/Holleran listed below provide excellent general introductions to ancient demography, i.e. insights into the methodological problems and the informative value of demographic history as well as the importance of demographic factors for a reconstruction of the size, structure, and development of (ancient) populations in their relationship to living space.
1 Frier, B.W. (2000). Demography. In A.K. Bowman, P. Garnsey, and D. Rathbone (eds.), The Cambridge Ancient History 11: The High Empire, A.D. 70–192. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 827–854.
2 Scheidel, W. (2001). Debating Roman Demography (Mnemosyne Supplements 211). Leiden: Brill.
3 Scheidel, W. (2004). Demographic and economic development in the ancient Mediterranean world. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 160, pp. 743–757.
4 Scheidel, W. (2007). Demography. In W. Scheidel, I. Morris, and R. Saller (eds.), The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco‐Roman World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 38–86.
5 Scheidel, W. (2009). Population and demography. In A. Erskine (ed.), A Companion to Ancient History, Malden, MA/Oxford/Chichester: Blackwell, pp. 134–145.
6 Scheidel, W. (2012). Epigraphy and demography: birth, marriage, family, and death. In J. Davies, J. Wilkes (eds.), Epigraphy and the Historical Sciences (Proceedings of the British Academy 177). Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 101–129.
7 Pudsey, A., Holleran, C. (2011). Demography and the Graeco‐Roman World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Provides a general introduction to ancient demography.
8 Jursa, M. (2010). Aspects of the Economic History of Babylonia in the First Millennium BC (Alter Orient und Altes Testament 377). Münster: Ugarit‐Verlag. Along with some other works quoted in the text, touches on the key (source) problem of the demography of the Achaemenid Empire.
NOTES
1 1 A proposed Franco‐German project aims at reconstructing human‐climate‐ecosystem interactions in the Persepolis Basin (southwest Iran) during the Holocene by using different archive types: lake sediment cores, peat cores, soils, and soil sediments, as well as written sources (especially for the time interval of ca. 3000–1500 BP) and archeological plant and animal remains complemented by available geochemical records. Apart from its main objectives (an evaluation of the past and present water resources in the Persepolis Basin and their availability to past human societies, and an assessment of human impacts on natural ecosystems; the establishment of human‐independent, high‐resolution, hydroclimatic records using biological proxies correlated with available geochemical records), the final goal of the project is to compare and cross‐check the acquired palaeo‐environmental datasets with already available knowledge from the Persepolis Basin to give a synthetic account of the climate–human interactions during the Holocene.
2 2 The Kiel dissertation by C. Matarese (Matarese, in press) (see Chapter 61 Migration and Deportation) will try to remedy the current lack of a comprehensive study of Achaemenid deportations.
CHAPTER 3 Peoples and Languages
Jan Tavernier
Introduction: The Territory of the Achaemenid Empire
