and the open research issues in designing UAV-aided wireless communication networks. A few of the challenges identified and presented include the best methods of 3D deployment of drones, allocation of resources, optimization of the flight time and trajectory of UAVs, handover management, channel modeling of highly dynamic UAV channels in various scenarios of UAV-assisted networks, interference management, effects of higher Doppler shifts in mmWave networks, on-board energy availability of UAV devices, etc.
Chapter 3 focuses on the techniques available for effective battery and energy management in UAV-based communication networks. The mechanisms for the optimal utilization of energy resources by UAVs to maximize their lifespan or deployment in a network are critically examined. This helps to significantly reduce the usage of network energy that results in a prolonged network lifetime. Furthermore, potentially promising areas for future research in energy management are also explored.
Chapter 4 emphasizes the most used communication techniques in UAVs. The state-of-the-art literature regarding UAV communication techniques and a summary of the same in the form of challenges and issues that arise when developing communication methods for UAVs are presented. A comprehensive performance comparison of UAV communication techniques is provided at the end of this chapter.
Chapter 5 discusses different challenges and threats posed by UAVs such as hijacking, privacy, cybersecurity, and physical safety. Also discussed are different solutions for avoiding these issues with current technologies.
Chapter 6 bridges the landscape between the IoT and the UAV by identifying the technical and nontechnical issues facing integration. Also presented are various applications, architecture, and technologies of the UAV-enabled IoT. This chapter answers the question regarding the proximity between IoT and UAV by exploiting the mobility of UAVs.
Chapter 7 introduces the practice of using UAVs for security and intelligence and also relates how drones are employed in different domains and for different purposes, including mischievous ones. Also, new experiments are presented related to security, safety, and privacy concerns when UAV drones are engaged in dangerous activities.
Chapter 8 explores blockchain-based solutions for various security issues in UAV-enabled IoT. Though the fusion of UAVs and IoT proves disruptive, it is needed to address increased security issues. Identity management, authentication, UAV hijacking, secured and trustworthy data sharing in intra-UAV communications, and UAV signal jamming are explored in this chapter. Since blockchain is a decentralized technology, a distributed ledger offers solutions to some of these UAV issues presented here.
Chapter 9 introduces the efficient energy management systems in UAV-based IoT networks. The major constraint envisaged is the limited battery capacity of UAVs, proving them to be energy-constrained devices. The methods described here either harvest energy from RF signals or mmWaves, charge wirelessly from the charging station, or change the flight conditions for efficient energy utilization.
Chapter 10 contains an inclusive survey on the challenges and opportunities of IoE-enabled UAVs. There is a review of technologies enabling these opportunities, such as battery constraint, security issues, computing, and coverage constraints; and there is also an overview of UAVs. Finally, IoE-enabled UAV technology is presented that uses UAV deployment and mobility with IoE’s intelligence, scalability, and diversity.
Chapter 11 provides a comprehensive survey of research for exploring applications of AI in UAV-enabled IoT systems with a specific focus on the research being conducted in the field of convergence of three disruptive technologies—namely, AI, UAVs, and the IoT—for improving the quality of life. The importance of AI in realizing an autonomous and intelligent flying IoT is emphasized.
Chapter 12 aims to follow a modular design approach to provide better functionality and a wide range of applications in all sorts of fields. It also incorporates the IoT in the UAV with all the sensor data of the surrounding environment with a UAV position that can be transmitted to a remote server and analyzed in real time.
Chapter 13 focuses on a mind-controlled UAV using brain-computer interface (BCI), which is a connection between the human brain and computers. The scope of this chapter is concentrated on the development boards which permit wireless communications.
Chapter 14 analyzes the new era farming system and the role of UAV technologies which help to improve the agricultural area to enable farmers to make cost-effective decisions while also preserving the ecosystem and changing how food is generated.
Chapter 15 explores the IoT-based UAV platform revolutionizing smart healthcare. The mobile phone industry and the IoT networks that are making robust data collection possible are rapidly being used in medical tools and software. This chapter discusses healthcare IoT technologies and their advantages for society.
In closing, we would like to thank our contributing authors for their valuable work, without which it would have been impossible to complete this book. We would also like to express our deepest appreciation to our reviewers for submitting their valuable comments in a timely manner. Last but not least, we thank GOD for giving us the strength and wisdom to carry out this work successfully even during tough circumstances due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
We hope that the quality research work published in the 15 chapters of this book will serve the needs of those in the academic, research, science and technology communities along with all of humanity.
Dr. Vandana Mohindru Assistant Professor, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Mohali, Punjab, India Dr. Yashwant Singh Associate Professor & Head, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu, J&K, India Dr. Ravindara Bhatt Assistant Professor (Senior Grade), Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, H.P., India Dr. Anuj Kumar Gupta Professor, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Mohali, Punjab, India
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Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV): A Comprehensive Survey
Rohit Chaurasia and Vandana Mohindru*
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Mohali, India
Abstract
Research on Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle (UAV) or unmanned aircraft system (UAS) are increasingly becoming popular in recent times and are widely used for various commercial purposes like photogrammetry, surveying, remote sensing for mapping, rescuing as well as for military purposes and so on. This chapter presents a wider explanation of UAV in terms of working, communication, various types along with various technologies, starting from the various platforms of different types of
