of the flexo-electric polarization in MBBA and 5CB. (a...Figure 4.41. Evidence of electro-osmotic flows. (a) General view of a quasi-equi...Figure 4.42. Poiseuille flows driven by electrosmosis in the one-gap system of e...Figure 4.43. Electro-osmotic flows in the two-gap system of electrodes. (a) Gaps...Figure 4.44. Convection of the dowser field. Spatiotemporal cross-sections along...Figure 4.45. Continuous transformation relating the radial and hyperbolic config...Figure 4.46. Pair of dowsons d+ and d- in the dowser texture. (a) View in polari...Figure 4.47. The +2π and −2π defects (dowsons d+ and d-) of the dowser field d a...Figure 4.48. Generation of monopole–antimonopole pairs. (a) Radial dowser field....Figure 4.49. Topological relationship between 2π-walls and monopole–antimonopole...Figure 4.50. Motion of a dowson d+ in a dowser field wound up in the Dowsons Col...Figure 4.51. Motion of a dowson d+ in a dowser field wound up in the Dowson Coll...Figure 4.52. Lorentz force on a vortex in superconductors and on a dowson in the...Figure 4.53. The dowsons’ race. (a) Dowser texture wound up in the DDC2 device. ...Figure 4.54. Race of dowsons. (a–g) Pictures taken at intervals of 20 s. (h) Spa...Figure 4.55. Estimation of forces driving the motion of dowsons involved in the ...Figure 4.56. Trajectories of dowsons in the DDC2 setup recorded in non-polarized...Figure 4.57. Gyrophylic behavior of dowsons d- during phase winding with the DDC...Figure 4.58. Gyrophylic behavior of dowsons d- during the phase winding with the...Figure 4.59. Gyrophobic and gyrophylic behaviors of dowsons. (a) Four dowsons d+...Figure 4.60. Gyrophobic behaviors of dowsons d+. (a) The residual dowson d+ loca...Figure 4.61. Gyrophobic and gyrophylic behaviors of dowsons. (I) Dowson d+. (II)...Figure 4.62. Variation of the energy of dowsons and of their configurations with...Figure 4.63. Cladis–Brand stationary states. (a) C-B1 state: dowson d+ orbiting ...Figure 4.64. Trajectories of dowsons leading to collisions of dowsons’ pairs obt...Figure 4.65. Collisions of dowsons’ pairs. (I) Avoidance, (II) Annihilation: (a)...Figure 4.66. Collisions of dowsons embedded in a wound up dowser field. Their di...Figure 4.67. Action of a Poiseuille flow on the outcome of a collision. (a) Dows...Figure 4.68. Action of a Poiseuille flow on the outcome of a collision. (a) Dows...Figure 4.69. Configurations of dowsons d+ and d- and their motions in an electri...Figure 4.70. Motion of the dowsons d+ and of dust particles in electric field (M...Figure 4.71. Gadanken experiment: stabilization of a dowsons network by tropisms...Figure 4.72. Triplet of dowsons stabilized by a quadrupolar electric field. (a) ...Figure 4.73. Triplet and septet of dowsons. The septet configuration is stabiliz...Figure 4.74. Stable configurations of a dowsons’ triplet (d+,d-,d+) in a quadrup...Figure 4.75. Dowser fields in a circular annular droplet. (a and b) Radial dowse...Figure 4.76. Excited metastable state of the dowser field in an annular droplet....Figure 4.77. Possible dowser fields in a square network of channels. (a) Microfl...Figure 4.78. Dowser field in a triangular network of microfluidic channels. The ...Figure 4.79. Dowser field in three-arm junctions. (a) Defect-less microfluidic v...Figure 4.80. Real, and virtual anchoring conditions of the dowser field along th...Figure 4.81. Real, and virtual anchoring conditions of the dowser field along th...Figure 4.82. Flow-induced bowson-dowson transformation in the four-arm microflui...Figure 4.83. Sengupta instability of the dowson’s d- position in the four-arm ju...5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1. Hemihedral crystals of sodium ammonium tartrates. Redrawn after Past...Figure 5.2. Schematic of a primitive polarimeter that is used to measure the opt...Figure 5.3. Two mirror images of an amino acid, alanineFigure 5.4. (Left) Rotation of plane of polarization of light in an optically ac...Figure 5.5. Spiral arrangement of silicon and oxygen atoms along the optic axis ...Figure 5.6. Experiment of Ghosh and Fischer: (a) Schematic of the geometry used ...Figure 5.7. Illustration of the director configuration of Mauguin twisted nemati...Figure 5.8. Polarized light image of reverse twist domains in a sample of DSCG (...Figure 5.9. (Top) Schematic of a pure twist Bloch wall of width d. (Bottom) (lef...Figure 5.10. POM images of Bloch walls of two handednesses, mediated by a Neel w...Figure 5.11. Molecular structures of (a) DSCG (disodium chromoglycate) and (b) (...Figure 5.12. Nematic tactoids in the biphasic N-Iso sample of a lyotropic chromo...Figure 5.13. Chemical structure of poly(benzlbisthiazole) (PBZT) and polarized o...Figure 5.14. POM image of the ER in a cylindrical capillary filled with 5CB, and...Figure 5.15. POM image of the twisted escaped radial texture (TER) in a cylindri...Figure 5.16. Formation of the double helix from the TER structure. The white arr...Figure 5.17. Schematic of the director configuration of (a) axial and (b) double...Figure 5.18. Crossed polarized microscopic images of DSCG in a cylindrical capil...Figure 5.19. Crossed polarized microscopic images of DSCG in a cylindrical capil...Figure 5.20. Time lapsed POM images of SSY cooling down from isotropic phase to ...
List of Tables
1 Chapter 1Table 1.1. Connection between various polarization quantities
2 Chapter 3Table 3.1. Average values of the LTP (in unit of 10−8 N m−1 K−1wt%−1) of the HTP...Table 3.2. Values at the transition temperature of the main physical constants o...
Guide
1 Cover
5 Preface
8 Index
Pages
1 v
2 iii
3 iv
4 xi
5 xii
6 xiii
7 1
8 2
9 3
10 4
11 5
12
