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21
To K.W.K. and Yuen K.-Y., ‘In memory of Patrick Manson, founding father of tropical medicine and the discovery of vectorborne infections’ Emerging Microbes and Infections, 2012.
22
Burton R., First Footsteps in East Africa (London, 1856).
23
Hsu E., ‘Reflections on the “discovery” of the antimalarial qinghao’, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacololgy, 2006.
24
Sallares R., Malaria and Rome: A History of Malaria in Ancient Italy (Oxford University Press, 2002).
25
Росс утверждал, что участники эксперимента знали, на что идут, и что риск был оправдан: «Думаю, что этот эксперимент оправдан тем огромным значением, которое имел бы положительный результат, а также тем обстоятельством, что в моем распоряжении всегда был хинин» (Ross, 1923). Тем не менее мы не знаем, насколько полно участники эксперимента были информированы о риске; хинин менее эффективен, чем препараты, используемые в современных исследованиях малярии. (Achan J. et al., ‘Quinine, an old anti-malarial drug in a modern world: role in the treatment of malaria’ Malaria Journal, 2011.) Более подробно этичность экспериментов на людях мы рассмотрим в главе 7.
26
Bhattacharya S. et al., ‘Ronald Ross: Known scientist, unknown man’, Science and Culture, 2010.
27
Chernin E., ‘Sir Ronald Ross vs. Sir Patrick Manson: A Matter of Libel’, Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 1988.
28
Manson-Bahr P., History Of The School Of Tropical Medicine In London, 1899–1949 (London, 1956).
29
Reiter P., ‘From Shakespeare to Defoe: Malaria in England in the Little Ice Age’, Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2000.
30
High R., ‘The Panama Canal – the American Canal Construction’, International Construction, October 2008.
31
Griffing S.M. et al., ‘A historical perspective on malaria control in Brazil’, Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2015.
32
Jorland G. et al., Body Counts: Medical Quantification in Historical and Sociological Perspectives (McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2005).
33
Fine P.E.M., ‘John Brownlee and the Measurement of Infectiousness: An Historical Study in Epidemic Theory’, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 1979.
34
Fine P.E.M., ‘Ross’s a priori Pathometry – a Perspective’, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1975.
35
Ross R., ‘The Mathematics of Malaria’, The British Medical Journal, 1911.
36
Reiter P., ‘From Shakespeare to Defoe: Malaria in England in the Little Ice Age’, Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2000.
37
Биографические данные Маккендрика взяты из Gani J., ‘Anderson Gray McKendrick’, StatProb: The Encyclopedia Sponsored by Statistics and Probability Societies.
38
Письмо GB 0809 Ross/106/28/60. Courtesy, Library & Archives Service, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. © Ross Family.
39
Письмо GB 0809 Ross/106/28/112. Courtesy, Library & Archives Service, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. © Ross Family.
40
Heesterbeek J.A., ‘A Brief History of R0 and a Recipe for its Calculation’, Acta Biotheoretica, 2002.
41
Биографические данные Кермака взяты из Davidson J.N., ‘William Ogilvy Kermack’, Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, 1971; Coutinho S.C., ‘A lost chapter in the pre-history of algebraic analysis: Whittaker on contact transformations’, Archive for History of Exact Sciences, 2010.
42
Kermack W.O. and McKendrick A.G., ‘A Contribution to the Mathematical Theory of Epidemics’, Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 1927.
43
Fine P.E.M., ‘Herd Immunity: History, Theory, Practice’, Epidemiologic Reviews, 1993; Farewell V. and Johnson T., ‘Major Greenwood (1880–1949): a biographical and bibliographical study’, Statistics in Medicine, 2015.
44
Dudley S.F., ‘Herds and Individuals’, Public Health, 1928.
45
Hendrix K.S. et al., ‘Ethics and Childhood Vaccination Policy in the United States’, American Journal of Public Health, 2016.
46
Fine P.E.M., ‘Herd Immunity: History, Theory, Practice’, Epidemiologic Reviews, 1993.
47
Duffy M.R. et
