447
446 448
447 449
448 450
449 451
450 452
451 453
452 454
453 455
454 456
455 457
456 458
457 459
458 460
459 461
460 462
461 463
462 464
463 465
464 466
465 467
466 468
Spectroscopy for Materials Characterization
Edited by
Simonpietro Agnello
Department of Physics and Chemistry – Emilio Segrè
University of Palermo
Palermo
Italy
This edition first published 2021
© 2021 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey
Published simultaneously in Canada.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
The right of Simonpietro Agnello to be identified as the author of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law.
Registered Office John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
Editorial Office 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print‐on‐demand. Some content that appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of experimental reagents, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each chemical, piece of equipment, reagent, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762‐2974, outside the United States at (317) 572‐3993 or fax (317) 572‐4002.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at ww.wiley.com.
Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data Applied for
ISBN: 9781119697329
Cover design by Wiley
Cover image: © khalus/gettyimages
Preface
Ten years of experience in a basic laboratory course of spectroscopy for master’s students in physics as well as some courses for PhD students in physics and materials science together with more than 20 years of experimental work in physics and materials science convinced me of the opportunity to join the different basic aspects and technical approaches for the characterization of materials in a book. My contact with scientists in physics, chemistry, engineering, biology, and many other research fields emphasized the need to collect accurate and broad knowledge on spectroscopic techniques both from the fundamental point of view and from the technical perspective to impart the skills required to think about experiments, to interpret their results, and last but not least to advance theoretical knowledge. Motivated by these aspects, I started the project by inviting different experts in the various fields of spectroscopy, usually employed in the study of materials from the nanoscale up
