Hydraulic gradient
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ic
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Critical hydraulic gradient
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ic, iq, iγ
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Inclination factors
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k
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Coefficient of permeability
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l
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Length, length of flow path
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m
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Stability coefficient
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mB, mL
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Eurocode 7 load inclination factor parameters
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mv
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Coefficient of volume compressibility
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n
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Porosity, stability coefficient
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p
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Pressure, mean pressure, mean normal stress
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p'
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Mean normal effective stress
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pa
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Active earth pressure
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pc
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Preconsolidation pressure (one‐dimensional)
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Equivalent consolidation pressure (isotropic)
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pLM
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Pressuremeter limit pressure
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p0
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Earth pressure at rest
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Preconsolidation pressure (isotropic)
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Effective overburden pressure
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pp
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Passive earth pressure
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q
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Unit quantity of flow, deviator stress, uniform surcharge, bearing pressure
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q'
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Effective deviator stress
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qa
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Allowable bearing pressure
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qu
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Ultimate bearing capacity
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qu net
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Net ultimate bearing capacity
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r
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Radius, radial distance, finite difference constant
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ru
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Pore pressure ratio
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s
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Suction value of soil, stress parameter, settlement
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sc, sq, sγ
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Shape factors
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sw
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Corrected drawdown in pumping well
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t
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Time, stress parameter
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u, uw
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Pore water pressure
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ua
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Pore air pressure, pore pressure due to σ3 in a saturated soil
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ud
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Pore pressure due to (σ1 − σ3) in a saturated soil
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udst;d
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Eurocode 7 design value of destabilising total pore water pressure
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ui
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Initial pore water pressure
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ut
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Pore water pressure at toe of sheet pile wall
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v
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Velocity, specific volume
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w
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Water, or moisture, content
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wL
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Liquid limit
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wP
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Plastic limit
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ws
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Shrinkage limit
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x
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Horizontal distance
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y
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Vertical, or horizontal, distance
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z
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Vertical distance, depth
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za
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Depth of investigation points
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zo
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Depth of tension crack
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zw
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Depth below water table
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α
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Angle, pile adhesion factor, slope of Kf line
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β
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Slope angle
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Γ
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Eurocode 7 over‐design factor, specific volume at ln p' = 0
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γ
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Unit weight (weight density), shear strain
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γ'
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Submerged, buoyant or effective unit weight (effective weight density)
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γ
A;dst
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Eurocode 7 partial factor: accidental action – unfavourable
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γ
b
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Bulk unit weight (bulk weight density), Eurocode 7 partial factor: pile base resistance
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γ
c'
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Eurocode 7 partial factor: effective cohesion
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γ
cu
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Eurocode 7 partial factor: undrained shear strength
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γ
d
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Dry unit weight (dry weight density)
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