Ukrainian, Russophone, (Other) Russian. Marco Puleri
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My own field research and life experience in Simferopol’, Kyiv, L’viv, Kharkiv, Donets’k, Dnipro and Odesa, where I lived for several weeks and months throughout 2010–19, gave me the opportunity to grasp the heterogeneous social and cultural dynamics in Ukraine. As a result of the research fellowship term at the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy (2013), and exchange fellowships at the Ivan Franko National University of L’viv (2018) and at the Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University (2019), I had the chance to talk with several academics, literary actors and friends, which enriched my knowledge about Ukraine, taking an active part in the search for potential answers to the research questions included in this book. I would like to express my gratitude to them and also to all the people who have shared their insights on the issue in both the academic and extra-academic contexts, in Italy and abroad. Last but not least, I am thankful to Chiara and my family for tolerating the solitary activity of writing and supporting me every step of the way.
The transliteration of Ukrainian and Russian names, terms and geographic locations follows the Library of Congress system, without diacritic signs. In the case of Ukrainian Russian-language authors, I followed the transliteration system from Russian: throughout the book it is possible to find some exceptions, since in most cases these authors are bilingual in everyday life and present their own names also according to the Ukrainian transliteration system. Unless otherwise indicated, translations from Russian and Ukrainian included in this book are mine, as are any errors or misinterpretations.
Contents
Introduction: From (Global) Russian to Ukrainian Culture—and Back Again
From Russianness to Russophonia
In-between (Literary) Russophonia
Recasting “Ukrainianness” through the Prism of “Russianness”
The Long Road to Post-Soviet Transition: A Russophone Perspective
Part I:From Culture to Politics—Displaced Hybridity/ies (1991–2013)
Chapter 1 The Missing Hybridity: Framing the Ukrainian Cultural Space
Ukraine: A Laboratory of Political and Cultural Identity/ies
Shifting Social Dynamics in Post-Soviet Ukraine
New (Old?) Cultural Standards in the Post-Soviet Era
Post-Soviet Russophonia in Ukraine: An Intellectual (and Political) Debate
In Search of a New Self-Determination
Chapter 2 Post-Soviet (Russophone) Ukraine Speaks Back
Ukraïns’ka Rosiis’komovna literatura versus Rosiis’ka literatura Ukraïny
The Self-Identification in Post-Soviet Ukrainian Literature in Russian
At the Intersection of Two Cultural Models
From Marginality to Minority
Chapter 3 A Minor Perspective on National Narrative(s): Deterritorializing Post-Imperial Epistemology
Andrei Kurkov: The Displaced Transition in Mass Literature
Of Other Spaces (and Of Other Times): Aleksei Nikitin’s Literary Heterotopias
Vladimir Rafeenko: The Ukrainian “Magical Realism”
Part II:From Politics to Culture—After Revolution of Hybridity (2014–2018)
Chapter 4 Hybridity Reconsidered: Ukrainian Border Crossing after the “Crisis”
Dialectic of Transition from Post-Soviet to Post-Maidan: Between Old and New Narratives
Moving Centripetally: Reconsidering Hybridity
The (Political) Acceleration of Cultural Change
Chapter 5 Values for the Sake of the (Post-Soviet) Nation
Towards Shifting Cultural Policies in the Post-Maidan Era
Envisioning Identity Markers after the Ukraine Crisis
At the Crossroads between Normative Measures and Blurred Cultural Boundaries in the Post-Soviet Space
Chapter 6 Towards a Postcolonial Ethics: Rewriting Ukraine in the “Enemy’s Language”
Demistifying Anticolonial Myths: The “Ukrainian Russians”
Transgressing the (National) Code: Recasting History and Language in Light of War
The End of the Transition?
In Place of a Conclusion: The Future of “Russianness” in Post-Maidan Ukraine
Bibliography
Index
Introduction From (Global) Russian to Ukrainian Culture— and Back Again
In the contemporary context, diasporization and hybridity have become conditions for novel ways of “translating the world” […] The question of whether we should talk about one global Russian culture or many finds an answer only provisionally and, paradoxically, locally. (Rubins 2019: 46)
Following a 2017 report based on data on language use from national censuses and the United Nations, collated by Euromonitor International, we witness how significantly “Russian has lost more ground than any other language over the past 20 years as newly independent former Soviet states have attempted to assert their linguistic sovereignty” (Johnson 2017). In his commentary emblematically entitled Russian Beyond Russia, Alexander Morrison (2017) observed how “language is harmfully intertwined with politics these days in Eurasia.” On the one hand, this followed former