21 Bacterial Infections
Scarlet Fever
Actinomycosis
Tuberculosis
Syphilis
Measles
Varicella
Infectious Mononucleosis
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease
Mumps
Herpes Simplex
Hairy Leukoplakia
Candidiasis
Linear Gingival Erythema
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
Salivary Gland Enlargement
Other Lesions
Oral Squamous Papilloma
Traumatic Fibroma
Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma
Schwannoma
Neurofibroma
Granular-Cell Tumor
Granular-Cell Tumor of the Newborn
Lymphangioma
Hemangioma
Pyogenic Granuloma
Peripheral Giant-Cell Granuloma
Riga–Fede Granuloma
Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy
Oral Melanotic Macules
Melanocytic Nevi
Spitz Nevus
Pleomorphic Adenoma
Necrotizing Sialadenometaplasia
26 Fibro-Osseous and Giant-Cell Lesions
Monostotic Fibrous Dysplasia
Cherubism
Central Giant-Cell Granuloma
Squamous-Cell Caricinoma
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
Leukemias
Hodgkin’s Disease
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Burkitt’s Lymphoma
Soft-Tissue Plasmacytoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Ewing’s Sarcoma
Osteosarcoma
Metastatic Neoplasms
Part I Local Diseases
Part II Systemic Diseases
Part III Tumors
Part I
Local Diseases
1 Dental Defects
Nick A. Lygidakis Consultant Paediatric Dentist DDS, MScD, MScM, DrOdont
Marina G. Laskari Orthodontist, DDS, MSc Boston University, USA
Defects in Size
These defects result from various etiological factors acting during the stage of dental morphodifferentiation.
Microdontia
Definition
• Refers to teeth that appear smaller in size compared to normal. Pseudomicrodontia refers to all teeth of an individual appearing smaller than normal, as a result of enlarged jaw dimensions. True microdontia refers to teeth of smaller size in a jaw of normal size (Figs. 1.1, 1.2).
Etiology
• Multifactorial. Generalized microdontia is rare, and may be associated with congenital hypopituitarism or exposure to radiation or chemotherapy during dental development. In contrast, localized microdontia is more common, and is frequently followed by hypodontia; it has therefore been suggested that these two defects are controlled by different mutations in the same genes.
• Syndromes in which microdontia may be seen include the trisomy 21 syndrome, the ectodermal dysplasia syndromes, and the Marshall I, Rieger, focal dermal hypoplasia, Silver-Russell, Williams, Gorlin-Chaudhry-Moss, Coffin-Siris, Salamon, trichorhinophalangeal, odontotrichomelic, neuroectodermal, and dermo-odontodysplasia syndromes.
• Also a frequent finding in cases of cleft lip and palate.
