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“Black ants” = Hard workers.
Manpower Minister Sudomo promoted the black ant as a symbol of productivity in the 1980s. A huge drawing of a grinning black ant in a hard hat once stood in front of the Department of Manpower. The industriousness of the ant matched the government’s creed of fast economic development. The rights of workers got short shrift. The government banned independent labor unions, and jailed many labor activists.
Foreign exchange hero.
The New Order government said Indonesian migrant workers were heroes because they funneled revenue back into their country. Indonesia’s leaders still use the term.
Hundreds of thousands of people leave Indonesia annually to seek work elsewhere in Southeast Asia, and in the Middle East.
Working abroad can be perilous for Indonesians who don’t know foreign languages and cultures. Many are illegal immigrants, and don’t have the resources to defend themselves if trouble looms. Most get menial work for little pay. Indonesian men work as plantation or construction workers, and women work as maids. Indonesians usually earn half the wages made by Filipino workers, who are better educated and skilled, and speak better English. Indonesian migrant workers still make three times more than what they would earn in Indonesia.
These expatriate workers are usually called TKI (Tenaga kerja Indonesia; Indonesian workers), or TKW (Tenaga Kerja Wanita; women workers) because most of them are women.
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