John Redmond. Dermot Meleady

Чтение книги онлайн.

Читать онлайн книгу John Redmond - Dermot Meleady страница 3

John Redmond - Dermot Meleady

Скачать книгу

from the imperiousness of Parnell that had incubated enmities even as it ensured party discipline.

      Some former adversaries were sure that had he, the only prominent Parnellite MP, reconciled himself with the majority soon after Parnell’s death in 1891, the split would have had a shorter life. Two obstacles, however, had made that impossible. The first was the scabrous invective heaped on him and other Parnellites by Tim Healy. The other was Redmond’s loyalty to the memory of Parnell as a friend and to Parnellite political principles that he saw, rightly or wrongly, as being abandoned by the majority. Now, haunted by the nightmare memory of that decade, he was so averse to the merest hint of party disunity as to be willing, in the eyes of some critics, to buy conciliation at the cost of submerging his own political principles. What to Dillon was tact and conciliatory power seemed, to others, to be submission to Dillon’s own power.

      The Dublin banquet was also a celebration of a particularly fertile parliamentary session for constitutional Irish nationalism. The major achievement of 1908 had been the landmark act to set up the National University of Ireland. Accompanying this was legislation for working-class housing, and for the restoration of the last of the tenants evicted during the Land War. Previous sessions had seen, among other measures, the Tories’ 1903 Land Purchase Act, which had ushered in one of the twentieth century’s great bloodless revolutions: the transfer of Irish land ownership from landlords to tenants, fulfilling Parnell’s dream of creating a peasant proprietary; a Labourers Act to enable the building of tens of thousands of cottages for the rural poor and legislation to safeguard the rights of town tenants.

      There were mistakes and failures too. Having rebuilt the party, he failed, with a few exceptions, to rejuvenate its leadership; the Home Rule project was led to the last by ageing men anxious to complete what they had begun in their youths. Of the decision-making quadrumvirate of Redmond, Dillon, T.P. O’Connor and Joe Devlin, only the last had been too young to serve under Parnell. Educated young nationalist men and women with a talent for politics drifted instead into separatist or cultural organizations. Another failure was his mishandling of the Liberals’ offer of a devolution scheme in 1907, bringing on his leadership a crisis from which it took all his energies to escape.

      Redmond never articulated a comprehensive social vision of his desired Home Rule Ireland along the lines of de Valera’s ‘frugal comfort and cosy homesteads’ dream, though much can be inferred from his speeches. Blaming emigration on direct British rule, he hoped to see it end, though he may have underestimated the role of structural factors in its perpetuation. It is certain that he would have wanted to continue the economic development of the 1900s decade, with a vigorous urban slum-clearance programme and further improvements in housing provision for the rural poor. We gather that he favoured the creation of non-elitist technical universities. However, if there is no doctrinaire ruralism in his thinking, neither does he show much enthusiasm for the mass industrialization he saw in Britain and the culture it generated. And from his interventions in the 1909 Budget debates, it is clear that he was wary of raising expectations excessively and believed that the new state must cut its coat according to its limited cloth. It is probable that the early years of Home Rule Ireland would have resembled the 1920s Free State in the sobriety of its finances, with the exception that, had Redmond been able to ensure the strong representation and participation of unionists he desired in the life of the state, the flight of capital would have been reduced and funds for investment more readily

Скачать книгу