Japanese Made Easy. Tazuko Ajiro Monane
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In Chapter 1 you learned the sentence pattern noun o kudasai, “Please give me noun,” in which the noun (the item requested) was followed by the particle o. In Sentence Pattern 2 in this chapter, the particle ga is introduced as an object marker when the verb ends in -tai desu.
Biiru o kudasai.ビールをください。 | Please give me a beer. |
Biiru ga nomitai desu.ビールが飲みたいです。 | I’d like to drink beer. |
Among the younger generation in Japan, the particle o instead of ga is coming into use in the -tai desu construction. Whichever you may hear, the meaning is the same. Sentence Pattern 3 shows the particle e, which expresses direction or destination. It can be translated as “to,” and follows the noun for the direction or destination.
Practice
1. Practice saying the following sentences aloud.
(a) to eat
O-sushi ga tabetai desu.お寿司が食べたいです。 | I’d like to eat sushi. |
Sukiyakiすき焼き | sukiyaki. |
Tenpura天ぷら | tenpura. |
(b) to drink
Biiru ga nomitai desu.ビールが飲みたいです。 | I’d like to drink beer. |
Kōhiiこーひー | coffee. |
O-chaお茶 | tea. |
Sūpuスープ | soup. |
(c) to buy
Kamera ga kaitai desu.カメラが買いたいです。 | I’d like to buy a camera. |
Rajioラジオ | radio. |
Shiidii CD | CD. |
Sūpuスープ | soup. |
(d) to see
Bunraku ga mitai desu.文楽が見たいです。 | I’d like to watch a puppet play. |
Eiga映画 | a movie. |
Kabuki歌舞伎 | a Kabuki play. |
Nō能 | a Noh play. |
Terebiテレビ | television. |
(e) to go
Hokkaidō e ikitai desu.北海道へ行きたいです。 | I’d like to go to Hokkaido. |
Kyōto京都 | Kyoto. |
Nihon (Nippon)日本 (ニッポン) | Japan. |
Ōsaka大阪 | Osaka. |
Sapporo札幌 | Sapporo. |
2. Practice Sentence Patterns 2 and 3 with the following words.
(a) to eat
biifustēkiビーフステーキ | sukiyakiすき焼き | karē raisuカレーライス | o-sushiお寿司 |
tenpura天ぷら | o-sashimiお刺身 | tonkatsuトンカツ | |
(b) to drink | |||
biiruビール | o-mizuお水 | kōhiiコーヒー | |
orenjijūsuオレンジジュース | o-chaお茶 | o-sakeお酒 | |
(c) to buy | |||
happiはっぴ | obi帯 | kameraカメラ | |
yukata浴衣 | kimono着物 | zōriぞうり | |
(d) to see | |||
Bunraku分楽 | Kabuki歌舞伎 | Nō能 | eiga映画 |
(e) to go | |||
Hiroshima広島 | Nara奈良 | Kōbe神戸 | |
Tōkyō東京 | Ōsaka大阪 | Okayama岡山 | |
Nagasaki長崎 | Sapporo札幌 |
• LESSON 6 •
Asking Questions and Saying “Yes”
So far you have been practicing statements. With these statements, you can express certain basic needs, but your ability to communicate is still limited. By learning to ask questions and answer them, you will be able to achieve real two-way communication.
Vocabulary
desu ka? | ですか? | is it? |
ē | ええ | yes |
hai | はい | yes |
Culture and vocabulary notes
There are two common words for “yes” in Japanese: hai (はい) and ē (ええ). Hai is a little more formal than ē. Hai (but not ē) is also used to respond when someone calls out your name.
The particle ka used at the end of a sentence makes the sentence into a question. Notice that in forming questions in Japanese there is no inversion of word order as there is in English.
Grammar
Sentence Pattern 2A | |
NOUN + ga / + VERB-INFINITIVE + tai desu ka?NOUN + が + VERB-INFINITIVE + たいですか? | Would you like to + VERB + NOUN? |
Examples | |
O-sushi ga tabetai desu ka?お寿司が食べたいですか? | Would you like to eat sushi? |
O-sake ga nomitai desu ka?お酒が飲みたいですか? | Would you like to drink sake? |
Kimono ga kaitai desu ka?着物が買いたいですか? | Would you like to buy a kimono? |
Kabuki ga mitai desu ka?歌舞伎が見たいですか? | Would you like to see a Kabuki play? |
Sentence Pattern 3A | |
PLACE + e / ikitai desu ka?PLACE + へ行きたいですか? | Would you like to go to + PLACE? |
Examples | |
Nihon e ikitai desu ka?日本へ行きたいですか? | Would you like to go to Japan? |
Hawai
|