sentence like the one immediately above has two particles. One, the particle o, shows what you wish to receive. The other, the particle de, here shows “how” you want to receive it. The particle de has other uses which will be covered later in this book.
Practice
1. Practice using Sentence Pattern 1. Note that the bartender’s question below is the same as the waitress’ on page 20, but the translation is different. What is important to learn is the intention of the speaker, and this is something that is often not clearly shown in a literal translation. Note these differences as you work through this book.
| Bartender: | |
| Nani ni shimashō ka?何にしましょうか？ | What will you have? |
| Customer: | |
| Uisukii sōda o kudasai.ウイスキーソーダをください。 | Please give me a whiskey and soda. |
| Biiru o kudasai.ビールをください。 | Please give me a beer. |
| Sukotchi uisukii o mizuwari de kudasai.スコッチウイスキーを水割りでください。 | Please give me a Scotch with water and ice. |
| Uisukii o sutorēto de kudasai.ウイスキーをストレートで ください。 | Please give me a straight Scotch. |
2. See if you can order the following bar items. Turn to page 236 to see the answers.
a) beer
b) Scotch with water and ice
c) brandy
d) Scotch straight
• LESSON 3 •
Ordering at a Restaurant
In this lesson you will learn how to order food at a restaurant. You will also learn how to order two or more items at the same time.
Vocabulary
| yōshoku | 洋食 | Western-style food |
| Main Dishes | ||
| bifuteki (biifusutēki) | ビフテキ (ビーフステーキ) | beefsteak |
| biifu karē | ビーフカレー | beef curry |
| biifu shichū | ビーフシチュー | beef stew |
| chikin karē | チキンカレー | chicken curry |
| hanbāgā | ハンバーガー | hamburger |
| karē raisu | カレーライス | curry rice |
| korokke | コロッケ | croquette |
| rōsuto biifu | ローストビーフ | roast beef |
| rōsuto pōku | ローストポーク | roast pork |
| sarada | サラダ | salad |
| shiifūdo karē | シーフードカレー | seafood curry |
| sūpu | スープ | soup |
| tonkatsu | トンカツ | pork cutlet |
| Breakfast Items | ||
| bēkon | ベーコン | bacon |
| hamu | ハム | ham |
| omuretsu | オムレツ | omelet |
| sōsēji | ソーセージ | sausage |
Culture and vocabulary notes
Notice that all of the dishes listed above are foreign loanwords and are written in katakana. As you’ll discover in the next chapter, there are many Japanese dishes, such as sushi (寿司), teppanyaki (鉄板焼き), and tenpura (天ぷら), that are written in kanji and/or hiragana.
It is polite to say itadakimasu (頂きます) just before beginning a meal to express your appreciation for the food and gochisōsama deshita (御馳走さまでした) when you are done to thank your host for the meal.
Grammar
To order two or more items, you need to know the Japanese expression that is equivalent to the English word “and.” Though in English you say, “Give me A, B, C, and D,” in Japanese you say, ‘Give me A and B and C and D.”
“And” in Japanese is expressed by the particle to. The function of to in Japanese is to connect words or phrases, but not clauses or sentences.
| Sentence Pattern 1A | |
| NOUN + to + NOUN + o / kudasai.NOUN + と + NOUN + をください。 | Please give me + NOUN + and + NOUN. |
| NOUN + to + NOUN + to + NOUN + o / kudasai.NOUN + と + NOUN + と + NOUN + をください | Please give me + NOUN + NOUN + and + NOUN. |
| Examples | |
| Hanbāgā to kōhii o kudasai.ハンバーガーとコーヒーをください。 | Please give me a hamburger and coffee. |
| Omuretsu to jūsu to kōhii o kudasai.オムレツとジュースとコーヒーを ください。 | Please give me an omelet, juice, and coffee. |
Practice
1. Practice saying the following sentences aloud.
| Waitress: | |
| Nani ni shimashō ka?何にしましょうか？ | What shall I bring you? |
| Customer: | |
| Biifu karē to sarada o kudasai.ビーフカレーとサラダをください。 | Please bring me beef curry and salad. |
| Hanbāgā to biiru o kudasai.ハンバーガーとビールをください。 | Please bring me a hamburger and a beer. |
| Sarada to miruku o kudasai.サラダとミルクをください。 | Please bring me a salad and some milk. |
2. See if you can order two items at the same time in a coffee shop or a bar. Turn to page 236 to see the answers.
a) coffee and cake
b) milk and a ham sandwich
c) coffee and salad
d) lemonade and a piece of apple pie
e) gin fizz and beer
• LESSON 4 •
Shopping at a Department Store
Here you will learn how to request various items at a department store. You will also learn the noun and adjectival
