is always late. He also never brings any food.
Sometimes you say something and then remember something else you wanted to say. In this case, you can add a second sentence using 고요.
HOW IT’S FORMED
고 plus the polite ending 요. Of course, if you want to use this in 반말, you can; just drop the 요.
HOW IT’S CONJUGATED
It’s added to the verb at the end of a second sentence, the one where you mention your afterthought.
| Past | Present | Future | ||
| Action verbs ending in a vowel | 하다 | 했고요 | 하고요 | 할 거고요 |
| Action verbs ending in a consonant | 먹다 | 먹었고요 | 먹고요 | 먹을 거고요 |
TAKE NOTE
You don’t have to bother conjugating this expression in the past or future tenses if you don’t want to; Koreans often don’t. See the last example below.
If you have an object in the second clause (like “Korean” and “a book” in the example below) you should add 도 (too) at the end of it instead of 을/를. It sounds more natural that way.
It may or may not be strictly correct, but I’ve often heard Koreans use this expression even if the afterthought comes long afterward or is implied. For instance, a teacher will tell her students to “그림 그리세요 geurim geuriseyo” (draw a picture) and then five minutes later, “색칠도 하고요 saekchil do hagoyo” (also, color it).
EXAMPLE SENTENCES
그 수업이 재미없어요. 어렵고요.
Geu sueobi jaemieobseoyo. Eoryeopgoyo.
That class is boring. It’s also difficult.
내일 한국어 공부할 거예요. 책도 읽을 거고요.
Naeil hanguleo gongbuhal geoyeyo. Chaekdo ilgeul geogoyo.
내일 한국어 공부할 거예요. 책도 읽고요.
Naeil hangukeo gongbuhal geoyeyo. Chaekdo ilkgoyo.
Tomorrow I’m going to study Korean. I’m also going to read a book.
민수가 늦은 데다가 음식도 가지고 오지 않았어요.
Minsuga neujeun dedaga eumsikdo gajigo oji anasseoyo.
Minsu was late. He also didn’t bring any food.
These expressions are for those who like to cook. They can be used to add one thing to another thing. 에다(가) can be used with nouns to mean “adding one thing to another thing” or “putting something in a specific location.”
HOW IT’S FORMED
다가 is a very versatile expression which is explained in detail on page 268. The 에 and (으)ㄴ/는 데 before it simply mark the thing to which something else is being added: there’s no other meaning behind it. The 가 part of 다가 is optional.
HOW IT’S CONJUGATED
The difference between the two noun forms is that while 물인 데다가 murin dedaga means “It’s water, and on top of that…,” 물에다가 muredaga means to add something to the water.
| Past | Present | Future | ||
| Action verbs ending in a vowel | 하다 | 한 데다가 han dedaga | 하는 데다가 haneun dedaga | 하는 데다가 |
| Action verbs ending in a consonant | 먹다 | 먹은 데다가 meogeun dedaga | 먹는 데다가 meokneun dedaga | 먹는 데다가 |
| Descriptive verbs (adjectives) ending in a vowel | 예쁘다 | 예쁜 데다가 yeppeun dedaga | 예쁜 데다가 | 예쁜 데다가 |
| Descriptive verbs (adjectives) ending in a consonant | 작다 | 작은 데다가 jageun dedaga | 작은 데다가 | 작은 데다가 |
| Nouns ending in a vowel | 남자 | 남자인 데다가 namjain dedaga 남자에다가 namja-e-daga | 남자인 데다가 남자에다가 | 남자인 데다가 남자에다가 |
| Nouns ending in a consonant | 물 | 물인 데다가 murin dedaga 물에다가 muredaga | 물인 데다가 물에다가 | 물인 데다가 물에다가 |
TAKE NOTE
The subjects of both clauses should be the same.
The expressions here and (으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라/더러 (eu)r ppunman anira/deoreo have similar meanings, but they are used in different situations. See page 55 for when the 뿐 expressions can and can’t be used.
EXAMPLE SENTENCES
■ A ㄴ/은/는 데다(가) n/eun/neun deda(ga) B
맛있어 보이는 데다가 냄새도 좋아요.
Masisseo boineun dedaga naemsaedo joayo.
It not only looks delicious, but it smells good too.
그는 축구를 잘 하는 데다가 농구도 잘 해요.
Geuneun chukgureul jal haneun dedaga nonggudo jal haeyo.
He is not only good at soccer, but also at basketball.
■ A 에다(가) eda(ga) B
열에다가 스물을 더하면 서른이에요.
Yeoredaga seumureul deohamyeon seoreun-i-e-yo.
Ten plus twenty is thirty.
그것을 트럭에다가 실었어요.
Geugeoseul teureogedaga sireo-sseoyo.
He put it in the truck.
큰 그릇에다 밀가루와 물을 넣으세요.
Keun geureuseda milgaruwa mureul neo-eu-seyo.
Put flour and water into a big bowl.
민수가 늦었을 뿐만 아니라 음식도 가지고 오지 않았어요.
Minsuga
