3. Monetary policy
4. Economic planning
C. The institution of the ḥisbah
1. Origin and brief history
2. Works on the ḥisbah
3. Economic functions of the muḥtasib
D. The Islamic welfare state
References
Chapter VIII: Ibn Taimīyah on Public Finance
A. Public finance in the early Islamic state
1. Sources of public revenue
2. Expansion in the sources of income
3. Financial administration
B. Public finance during Ibn Taimīyah’s time
1. Sources of income
2. Financial administration
3. Pattern of expenditure
C. Ibn Taimīyah’s approach
D. Ibn Taimīyah’s account of revenue
1. Three different views on public finance
2. Three kinds of public revenue
3. Collection and administration
E. Ibn Taimīyah’s account of public expenditure
1. Distribution of ghanīmah
2. Expenditure of zakāh
3. Expenditure of fai’ revenue
F. Analytical insights
References
Chapter IX: (Conclusion) An Evaluation of Ibn Taimīyah’s Economic Concepts and Theories
A. Sources of thought for Muslim scholars
1. Fundamental sources – primary and secondary
2. Supplementary sources
B. Some aspects of Islamic economic thought
1. Redistribution of income and wealth
2. Land and agriculture
3. Industry
4. Trade
5. Labour and social security
6. Prohibited economic practices
7. Interest
8. Hoarding
9. Fraudulent, ‘speculative’ and usurious businesses
10. Literature on Islamic jurisprudence
C. Ibn Taimīyah’s views and those of his predecessors
1. Sources of public revenue
2. Public expenditure
3. Public borrowing
4. Demand, supply and price regulation
5. Money
D. Ibn Taimīyah compared with his contemporaries
1. Ibn al-Qayyim and interest
E. Economic thinking in the Christian world at that time
1. Aristotle – the framework for Christian scholars
2. St. Thomas Aquinas and Ibn Taimīyah
F. Ibn Taimīyah and the thinkers of following generations
1. Ibn Taimīyah and Ibn Khaldūn
2. Ibn Taimīyah’s influence on Ibn Khaldūn
3. Economic thinking among Muslims in the later period
G. Significance of Ibn Taimīyah’s economic views
References
Bibliography
Glossary of Arabic Terms
Names Index
Subject Index
I wish to express my sincere and deep gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Muhammad Nejatullah Siddiqi, Professor of Economics, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, for expert guidance, Constant encouragement, and for his kindness and generosity.
I am also grateful to Dr. Fazlur Rahman Faridi, Chairman of Socio-Technical Studies, for his comments on some of the chapters. I benefited likewise from the comments of Dr. Sabahuddin Zaim, Professor of Economics, University of Istanbul, and from those of Dr. Muhammad Anas Zarqa of the Centre for Research in Islamic Economics, Jeddah.
My thanks are due to Dr. S. Fareed Ahmad, my senior colleague, Dr. Hamidullah of the English Department, AMU, Aligarh, and Dr. Syed Z. Abidin, Editor, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. Through their careful reading of the manuscript – in whole or in part – they contributed to its literary improvement, objectivity of viewpoint and precision and quality of presentation (such faults as remain are my own).
My thanks are also due to the Director and research staff of the Centre for Research in Islamic Economics, King Abdul Aziz University, who have, by accepting various research projects, enabled me to continue my research on Ibn Taimīyah and other Muslim thinkers. I want to thank also all my colleagues in general and those from whom I received encouragement and co-operation at different
