The Midwestern Native Garden. Charlotte Adelman

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IRIS, BLUE FLAG, SOUTHERN BLUE FLAG IRIS. Family: Iris (Iridaceae). Genus: Iris (I. virginica, I. shrevei). Height: 2–3 feet. Ornamental Attributes: Dramatic purple yellow-crested flowers May to July. Sword-shaped longlasting leaves. Looks like a beardless German iris cultivar (Iris × germanica). “A colorful beauty” that “grows very well in average garden soil and, in favorable habitat, spreads rapidly from large rhizomes.”⁶⁶ Cultivation: Sun. Moist, medium, or wet soil. Creates easily divided clumps; CRESTED IRIS (I. cristata). Height: 6–9 inches. Ornamental Attributes: Pale blue flowers with a yellow crest. Crested iris is “one of the finest dwarf irises for the garden.”⁶⁷ Cultivation: Light/part shade. Rich soil. Also: WHITE CRESTED IRIS (I. cristata alba). White flowers; HARLEQUIN BLUE FLAG, LARGER BLUE FLAG, NORTHERN BLUE FLAG (I. versicolor). Height: 2–3 feet. Ornamental Attributes: Blue to purple. “Strongly resembles its domesticated relatives which, like it, derive their name from the goddess of the rainbow.”⁶⁸ Cultivation: Sun/light shade. Easily grown in most gardens. Slowly forms easily divided clumps; COPPER IRIS, RED IRIS, LOUISIANA IRIS (I. fulva). Ornamental Attributes: “A spectacular orange-red species, the only red iris in our area.”⁶⁹ Also produces large wide yellow flowers. Cultivation: Sun. Moist or wet soil. Also: ZIGZAG or SHORTSTEMMED IRIS (I. brevicaulis); DWARF LAKE IRIS (I. lacustris). Pink flowers. Note: Some native irises are threatened or endangered in parts of the Midwest. Nature Note: Native irises attract butterflies, skippers, short-tongued bees, and other beneficial insects. Nectar-seeking bumblebees are the most important pollinators. The lines of dark purple on the sepals (petals) lead the bees to the nectar.

       Virginia iris (Iris virginica)

       More Native Alternatives:

      INDIGO, pp. 111–12; SPIDERWORTS, p. 53; WILD LUPINE, p. 37.

       Native Alternatives for Moisture-Loving Irises:

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