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JIHĀD IN WEST AFRICA DURING THE AGE OF REVOLUTIONS
JIHĀD IN WEST AFRICA DURING THE AGE OF REVOLUTIONS
Paul E. Lovejoy
Ohio University Press
Athens
Ohio University Press, Athens, Ohio 45701
© 2016 by Ohio University Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Lovejoy, Paul E., author.
Title: Jihād in West Africa during the Age of Revolutions / Paul E. Lovejoy.
Description: Athens, Ohio : Ohio University Press, 2016. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016040522| ISBN 9780821422403 (hc : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780821422410 (pb : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780821445839 (pdf)
Subjects: LCSH: Islam—Africa, West—History—18th century. | Islam—Africa, West—History—19th century. | Jihad. | Usuman dan Fodio, 1754–1817. | Sokoto Jihad, 1803–1830. | Islam and state—Africa, West. | War—Religious aspects—Islam.
Classification: LCC BP64.A38 L68 2016 | DDC 297.096609033—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016040522
Dedicated to Rina for her inspiration, encouragement, and support
CONTENTS
ONE. The Age of Revolutions and the Atlantic World
TWO. The Origins of Jihād in West Africa
THREE. The Jihād of ‘Uthmān dan Fodio in the Central Bilād al-Sūdān
FOUR. The Economic Impact of Jihād in West Africa
FIVE. Jihād and the Slave Trade
SIX. The Repercussions of Jihād in the Americas
SEVEN. Sokoto, the Jihād States, and the Abolition of the Atlantic Slave Trade
EIGHT. Empowering History Trajectories across the Cultural and Religious Divide
Appendix: Population Estimates for the Sokoto Caliphate, ca. 1905–15
TABLES
2.1. The Jihād Movement in West Africa: Major Events, Places, and Personalities, ca. 1670–1850
3.1. Selected Events in the History of the Sokoto Caliphate, 1800–1837
4.1. Slave Populations of the Western and Central Bilād al-Sūdān, ca. 1900
4.2. Landholdings of the Emir of Kano, 1936
4.3. Rinji of the Zaria Aristocracy, ca. 1900
4.4. Caffa Compounds in Sarkin Dawaki Tsakkar Gidda District, 1909
5.1. Departures from Africa for the Americas, 1761–1860
5.2. Departures from Senegambia and the Upper Guinea Coast, Known Places of Embarkation, 1761–1860
5.3. Departures from the Bight of Benin, 1761–1860
6.1. Destinations of Enslaved Departures from West Africa (Senegambia through Bight of Benin), 1761–1860
6.2. Departures from Senegambia and the Upper Guinea Coast for the Americas, 1761–1860
6.3. Ethnic Identification of Africans in Louisiana (1723–1805) and Maranhão (1767–1831)
6.4. Estimated arrivals in North America from Senegambia and the Upper Guinea Coast, 1701–1820
6.5. Destinations of the Enslaved from the Bight of Benin, 1761–1860
6.6. Ethnic Origins of Possible Muslims in Louisiana,
