style="font-size:15px;"> If you look at the simple diagram below, you will notice that at the top we have “ADHD Speculation” and at the bottom “ADHD Diagnosis.” As you move down the path of assessment you can be sure that the diagnosis is accurate. In the appendix of this book you will find the ADHD Severity Scale (Children), ADHD Severity Scale (Adult), and the ADHD Severity Scale (Athlete). It should be one of the first tools you use to review the severity of the ADHD symptoms that you are seeing. I believe it is the severity of the symptoms that will be an important beginning step in the diagnostic process. Feel free to print them out, or go to our practice web site www.drsvec.com where you will find them under the “Forms” section.
| ADHD speculation ---------------------> Teacher comments, problems at school, observations of not focusing in class ------> Observations on the playground, referral to doctor ---------------------> Brief checklist, 5 minute observation ---------------------> (where most people stop) Diagnosis based on poor information ----------------------> Screening for other medical causes ---------------------> Review of developmental history ---------------------> Comprehensive assessment including Gifted Potential, Learning Disability, Central Auditory Processing, Emotional Issues and Neurological Consultation including a brain scan ---------------------> Accurate diagnosis plan for success ---------------------> |
Key idea from this strategy
•Teachers may often point the finger that something is wrong with your child, but they are not trained to assess, or diagnose, ADHD.
•While checklists and a five-minute interview are often used to complete the assessment, this is not enough.
•A comprehensive assessment is needed. Start with the ADHD Severity Scales located in the appendix of this book.
Strategy 3
Get a Complete Assessment
Before an assessment for ADHD, make sure that all possible medical explanations for what you are seeing have been ruled out. For children, take your child to the pediatrician and ask, “Other than ADHD, are there any other medical reasons for why my child may be having problems concentrating or......” Once the proper medical screening has been completed, and other medical conditions are ruled out, you are ready for an ADHD assessment. Here is what should happen:
•A history
•Behavioral checklist
•Screening for Central Auditory Processing problems
•How you or the person being tested performs during boring tasks
•Intelligence testing to determine learning style
•Achievement testing
•A brain scan
Get a good history
The psychologist will ask you a number of questions about possible birth complications, early development, and school history. The history should include a review of other family members with ADHD (and go back as far as you can), as well as a clinical interview to determine if other factors may be contributing to the symptoms other than ADHD. Ruling out mild traumatic brain injury, for example, is important when assessing young athletes engaged in contact sports.
Completion of behavior checklists
Checklists will provide a standard way to ask different questions about what symptoms are present and how they are affecting daily functioning. For children and adults, I prefer to use the checklists located in appendix B and C. The questions result in a severity index, which gives an idea of how the presenting symptoms are impacting function. Many times only teachers complete checklists and this alone is not a valid measurement in determining ADHD. Teacher input for children should only account for 0 to 5 percent of the information used to determine the diagnosis of ADHD.
Screening for Central Auditory Processing problems
Central Auditory Processing difficulty (CAP) can often mimic the symptoms of ADHD. Many children and adults with ADHD also have CAP. A screening test is done at the psychologist’s office that takes about twenty-five to thirty minutes to complete. A positive finding often results in a referral to an audiologist knowledgeable about CAP.
Performance during very boring tasks
A number of continuous performance measures are used to determine how you or your child will perform on a very boring task. Your performance is then compared to others with or without ADHD. These tests, such as the Connors Continuous Performance Test (CPT), take approximately 15 minutes to complete. The analysis of your results by the psychologist can take a greater amount of time to be able to better understand how you perform when doing boring tasks in a quiet environment. I often wonder if a child or adult is having extreme difficulty completing the CPT in such a quiet office setting, how do they function when faced with such tasks in a busy classroom, or office/work setting?
Intelligence testing to investigate learning style
Traditional intelligence testing, such as the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for children, are administered to understand how new material is learned. The testing is combined with other tools of measurement to determine if a gifted profile may also be present. Children and adults with gifted behavior often look to be ADHD if they are not in an environment that is challenging or interesting. Learning disabilities are also identified using these results, combined with achievement and other testing. I tell children that this testing is about finding out the horse power “under the hood” of the car to see how fast they can go.
Achievement testing
This is about finding out how fast the car is in fact going. We test to determine grade scores (at what grade level someone is reading or writing at, for example) and standard scores (how they compare to others the same age), which can be compared accurately to the intellectual testing. Often, at this point, the information from testing and history gathering may point to a specific learning disability, gifted profile, CAP, or some other life event that is contributing to the problems noted.
The brain scan
While this is just one test of many that is reviewed to determine the diagnosis of ADHD, I believe it is one of the most important. ADHD is a neurological condition. If you don’t look at the brain, how do you know if it exists?
At our offices, we use the QEEG or Quantitative Electro Encephalogram. The information generated by the test is reviewed by a neurologist and expert in brain physiology. A number of doctors and scientists believe that there are many different “types” of ADHD, which can only be accurately determined by looking at the brain image. Deregulation in the prefrontal area of the brain may cause different symptoms than deregulation in the temporal regions.
Other neurological conditions, although rare, may also be identified from the QEEG. In a rare case at our offices, petite mal seizure activity was identified during one of our evaluations for ADHD, which resulted in a very
