which means fewer accidents in the house. The fewer accidents he has, the more reliable he will be as an adult dog. If you are inconsistent, your puppy will suffer in the long run because he will not understand the household rules.
Problems often arise when owners fail to recognize how frequently their puppy needs to relieve himself. As a general guideline, take your puppy outdoors at the following times:
•first thing in the morning when he wakes up, and at least every hour throughout the day
•about fifteen minutes after drinking water
•about thirty minutes after eating
•immediately after waking from a nap
•every time you arrive home
•anytime you take him out of his crate
•anytime he shows signs of having to go
•last thing at night
This guideline is for young puppies, which, of course, are unique and individual. You may need to tweak or adjust this schedule to fit your puppy’s particular needs. Minimize accidents by providing your puppy with a regular schedule of eating, sleeping, and eliminating. When you are committed to a regular schedule, your puppy will learn that relieving himself occurs on schedule.
What about Breed Size?
Experts disagree about whether small breeds, such as Chihuahuas and Yorkshire Terriers, are more difficult to house-train than large breeds. Some suggest that a small-breed’s pea-sized bladder and not-yet-developed sphincter musculature are the likely cause. Small-breed house-training problems are often unnoticed if the puppy sneaks behind the couch or other furniture to do his business—unbeknownst to his owner. Having a small breed means that you will need to be as diligent—if not more so—as the big-breed dog owner.
Set a Plan
Now that you have an idea of when and how often your puppy will need to potty, decide on a specific potty spot in your yard. If you don’t have a fenced yard, or if you live in an apartment or condo, you will need to find a nearby grassy area (some people choose to use a piece of Astroturf on their deck). Wherever you choose, always use the same spot. You’ll confuse your puppy by moving the spot daily or weekly.
Each time your puppy needs to potty, take him to his spot. Watch your puppy closely to be sure he relieves himself. Do not play with him yet—just stand around and pretend to ignore him until he goes. It may take a few minutes, so be patient. Just as he is finishing doing his business, calmly praise him with “Good potty” or “Good puppy.”
You will need to repeat this routine many times throughout the day, beginning as soon as you wake up (or, more likely, when your puppy wakes you up) until just before you go to bed. If your puppy is younger than three months old, he will probably have to potty in the middle of the night, too.
Puppies are most active during the day—running, jumping, playing, exploring, and being puppies. Because of their small bladder size and lack of control, they need to relieve themselves many times during the day. During the night, however, they are usually exhausted from the activities of the day. As a result, many puppies can sleep five to eight hours without having to potty.
Some owners get lucky, and their puppy sleeps through the night. Others are relegated to months of sleeplessness. Remember, the puppy is not being naughty or willfully disobedient. He is a puppy. If your puppy wakes you in the middle of the night or early in the morning, it is best to get up with him and take him outside. The fewer accidents he has in his crate, the less stressful the house-training process will be, and the quicker he will learn to potty outside.
If you take your puppy outdoors and he gets sidetracked playing or sniffing bugs and does not relieve himself, you must put him in his crate for five or ten minutes and then try again. (If you are not using a crate, keep your puppy where you can watch him like a hawk for those five or ten minutes). Do this as many times as necessary until your puppy relives himself outdoors.
Never assume that your puppy has done his business. You must see him empty his bladder or bowels. Here is the reason why: If your puppy gets distracted outdoors and forgets to potty, and then you bring him back indoors and give him free run of the house, guess where he is going to potty when he is no longer distracted and has a sudden urge to go? It’s a safe bet he will potty on your carpet. Be upset with yourself, not with your puppy, because it is not his fault. Chalk up the situation to experience, and endeavor to be more observant in the future.
Another important reason for going with the puppy when he potties is the foundation of the Come command. When he is finished doing his business, calmly praise him with “Good potty” or “Good puppy,” and then make a game of having him chase you back to the house. Tell him, “Good boy!” and then run toward the house while you clap and cheer him on. When you get to the house, offer verbal praise and reward him with a yummy tidbit. Remember, young puppies are eager to follow you anywhere and everywhere. Plus, you are inciting his natural chase instinct. So by going with him to potty and then having him chase you back to the house, you maximize every opportunity to begin to instill desired behaviors.
Grass is the most popular choice for dogs: it’s soft, squishy, and always smells inviting.
Adding a Verbal Cue
Even when your puppy knows to go to his designated spot and can successfully make the journey, you should still go with him. By doing so, you can begin instilling a verbal cue for the command, such as “Go pee” or “Go potty.” Some owners use “Wee wee” or “Poo poo.” You can choose a separate word for urinating and defecating. A word of caution: choose your words carefully. What might be cute or silly in your yard could be embarrassing or downright inappropriate in public.
Give the verbal cue each time your puppy is in the process of doing his business so he begins to associate the cue words with the appropriate action. It won’t take long, and you will be able to prompt your dog to go potty on command, which is very helpful in bad weather or when you are traveling. No one wants to stand around at a rest area for twenty minutes, waiting for a puppy. Give the cue word(s) in a calm but encouraging tone of voice. If your voice is too enthusiastic, your puppy is likely to be distracted and forget what he is doing.
Is My Puppy Trained Yet?
Owners run into trouble when they think too soon that their puppy is house-trained. Some puppies are harder to house-train than others, and success is hugely dependent on owner commitment and compliance. Chances are, your puppy will not be reliably house-trained until he is at least six months old.
It’s worth mentioning that puppies that have spent all of their time outdoors or in kennels or on the streets may take longer to house-train because they have never had to learn bladder control. A four- or six-month-old puppy, for instance, that has lived his life in a kennel simply potties whenever and wherever he felt like it. He has never had a reason to control his bladder. The kennel was his bathroom. That’s not to say that these puppies can’t be house-trained—they can, but it may take longer and require extra diligence and commitment on the part of owners.
Puppies between the ages of eight and ten weeks do not show signs of having to urinate. When a puppy of that age has to go, he goes right away—often stopping to urinate in the middle of a play session. It is unrealistic to expect an eight-week-old puppy to stop what he is doing and tell you that he needs to go outside. More often than not, your puppy will not realize he has to
