(New York: Routledge, 1997); Heike Bauer, ed., Sexology and Translation: Cultural and Scientific Encounters across the Modern World, Sexuality Studies (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2015); Harry Oosterhuis, Stepchildren of Nature: Krafft-Ebing, Psychiatry, and the Making of Sexual Identity (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000).
38. Geertje A. Mak, “Conflicting Heterosexualities: Hermaphroditism and the Emergence of Surgery around 1900,” Journal of the History of Sexuality 24, no. 3 (September 2015): 402; Katz, Invention of Heterosexuality; Kevin White, The First Sexual Revolution: The Emergence of Male Heterosexuality in Modern America (New York: NYU Press, 1993); Roy Porter and Lesley A. Hall, The Facts of Life: The Creation of Sexual Knowledge in Britain, 1650–1950 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1995); Daniel Boyarin, Unheroic Conduct: The Rise of Heterosexuality and the Invention of the Jewish Man (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997).
39. Important interventions on this front include the following texts: Kathy Peiss, Cheap Amusements: Working Women and Leisure in Turn-of-the-Century New York (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986); Joanne J. Meyerowitz, Women Adrift: Independent Wage Earners in Chicago, 1880–1930 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988); White, First Sexual Revolution; Margaret A. Lowe, Looking Good: College Women and Body Image, 1875–1930 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003); Elizabeth Alice Clement, Love for Sale: Courting, Treating, and Prostitution in New York City, 1900–1945 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006); and Christina Simmons, Making Marriage Modern: Women’s Sexuality from the Progressive Era to World War II (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009).
40. D’Emilio additionally contends “capitalism has created conditions that allow some men and women to organize a personal life around their erotic/emotional attraction to their own sex.” John D’Emilio, “Capitalism and Gay Identity,” in Powers of Desire: The Politics of Sexuality, ed. Ann Snitow, Christine Stansell, and Sharon Thompson (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1983), 100–113 (quotes on 110, 109, 104). For allied analysis regarding capitalism and sexuality, see Robert A. Padgug, “Sexual Matters: On Conceptualizing Sexuality in History,” in Passion and Power: Sexuality in History, ed. Kathy Peiss and Christina Simmons with Robert A. Padgug (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1989), 14–31. For critical analysis of gender, the body, and the transition to capitalism, see Silvia Federici, Caliban and the Witch: Women, The Body, and Primitive Accumulation, rev. ed. (Brooklyn, NY: Autonomedia, 2014).
41. George Chauncey, Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World, 1890–1940 (New York: Basic Books, 1994), 126.
42. Margot Canaday, The Straight State: Sexuality and Citizenship in Twentieth-Century America (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2009), 3.
43. Cheryl D. Hicks, Talk with You like a Woman: African American Women, Justice, and Reform in New York, 1890–1935 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010), 225. See also LaKisha Michelle Simmons, Crescent City Girls: The Lives of Young Black Women in Segregated New Orleans (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015).
44. Hicks, Talk with You like a Woman, 225. For another crucial study of the gendering of interracial same-sex sexuality, see Regina G. Kunzel, Criminal Intimacy: Prison and the Uneven History of Modern American Sexuality (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008).
45. Pablo Mitchell, “Accomplished Ladies and Coyotes: Marriage, Power, and Straying from the Flock in Territorial New Mexico, 1880–1920,” in Sex, Love, Race: Crossing Boundaries in North American History, ed. Martha Hodes (New York: NYU Press, 1999), 331–51; Victor Jew, “‘Chinese Demons’: The Violent Articulation of Chinese Otherness and Interracial Sexuality in the U.S. Midwest, 1885–1889,” Journal of Social History 37, no. 2 (2003): 389–410; Mary Ting Yi Lui, The Chinatown Trunk Mystery: Murder, Miscegenation, and Other Dangerous Encounters in Turn-of-the Century New York City (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005); Lui, “Saving Young Girls from Chinatown: White Slavery and Woman Suffrage, 1910–1920,” Journal of the History of Sexuality, 18, no. 3 (2009): 393–417. For important discussion of why marriages between Native American men and white women were not necessarily deemed problematic during the nineteenth century, see C. Joseph Genetin-Pilawa, “‘All Intent on Seeing the White Woman Married to the Red Man’: The Parker/Sackett Affair and the Public Spectacle of Intermarriage,” Journal of Women’s History 20, no. 2 (2008): 57–85. For allied analysis that explores sexuality in indigenous law, see Fay Yarbrough, “Legislating Women’s Sexuality: Cherokee Marriage Laws in the Nineteenth Century,” Journal of Social History 38, no. 2 (2004): 385–406.
46. Amy Sueyoshi, “Intimate Inequalities: Interracial Affection and Same, Sex, Love in the ‘Heterosexual’ Life of Yone Noguchi, 1897–1909,” Journal of American Ethnic History 29, no. 4 (2010): 38.
47. Nayan Shah, “Between ‘Oriental Depravity’ and ‘Natural Degenerates’: Spatial Borderlands and the Making of Ordinary Americans,” American Quarterly 57, no. 3 (September 2005): 703–25. See also Shah, Stranger Intimacy: Contesting Race, Sexuality, and the Law in the North American West, American Crossroads 31 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011).
48. Peggy Pascoe, What Comes Naturally: Miscegenation Law and the Making of Race in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009), 191, 119.
49. Rosemarie Garland-Thomson, “The Beauty and the Freak,” Michigan Quarterly Review 37, no. 3 (Summer 1998), http://quod.lib.umich.edu.
50. Peter Kolchin, “Whiteness Studies: The New History of Race in America,” Journal of American History 89, no. 1 (2002): 160. See also Thomas A. Guglielmo, White on Arrival: Italians, Race, Color, and Power in Chicago, 1890–1945 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003). For a decidedly different take on whiteness studies, see Wickberg, “Heterosexual White Male,” 136–57.
51. Rogers Brubaker and Frederick Cooper, “Beyond ‘Identity,’” Theory and Society 29, no. 1 (2000): 1–47.
52. Berlant and Warner, “Sex in Public,” 552.
53. Sharon Marcus, “Queer Theory for Everyone: A Review Essay,” Signs 31, no. 1 (2005): 191–218.
54. Laura Doan, “Sex Education and the Great War Soldier: A Queer Analysis of the Practice of ‘Hetero’ Sex,” Journal of British Studies 51, no. 3 (2012): 663.
55. The
