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2 Methods of Corrosion Monitoring
Sheerin Masroor
Department of Chemistry, A.N. College, Patliputra University, Patna, India
2.1 Introduction
Corrosion is unpredictable phenomenon and is a continuous process. In nature it is observed that every material wants to be in its lowest energy state, for all this to happen metals and alloys like iron, steel, copper or aluminums etc. frequently reacts with components present in environments such as oxygen and water, which leads to the formation of their hydroxides which is so similar to metal ore’s composition chemically. The word corrosion is borrowed from the Latin word Corrodere that means “to nibble into pieces.” There are multiple definitions proposed for the present problem, but most likely accepted are as follows:
1 As per K.E. Heuslerl et.al in 1989, it can be explained as detrimental of the used material that may be physical or mechanical like evaporation, melting, mechanical fracture, and abrasion [1].
2 L.L. Shreir said in 1994 that the term corrosion relates to metals and encompasses all interactions of a metal or alloy in solid or liquid form with its surrounding, irrespective of whether this is beneficial or non‐beneficial [2].
3 According to D.A. Jones, it is the destruction of material by chemical reactions between a material and the aggressive environment [3].
4 P.R. Roberge explained corrosion as the destructive intrusion of a material by possible reaction with its environment [4].
5 According to ISO 8044, corrosion is a physicochemical reciprocity in between material and its corresponding environment that causes an alternation in the physical and chemical properties, and further leads to ultimate wreckage of the operation of the used material [5].
6 Later in 2005, M. Fontana demonstrated corrosion as the deterioration of a material because of a reaction with its environment [6].
7 The most recent was given by NACE/ASTM G193, which explains corrosion as the deterioration of a used material (metal) that is consequence of any chemical or electrochemical reaction with its aggressive environment [7].
This explains why utmost materials that are in maximum production and help to build society are metals and hence much susceptible to corrosion [8, 9]. They make strong structures to constitute a great economy. From the very early time, it was presumed that the structures made from metals and its alloys are long lasting for hundreds of years. But they deteriorate as time passes. This takes so much dead full and dangerous form to those large‐scale industrial plants, like chemical processing, and electrical power plants shut down as a result of corrosion. All these enhance the problems in economy and lead to losses in many ways.
The percentage of corrosion happened and damage caused by it can be monitored at time before it starts happening by the application of multiple techniques. The main purpose of monitoring corrosion is done because it helps to know the working state of equipment or predicting remaining life of materials and to know locations where defect is occurring, getting good service conditions, specific remedies, and corrosion rates with variables. By knowing all these parameters, we can easily administer corrosion control schemes [10–12]. The key role for corrosion to happen or not can be decided by environments. We can understand the term environment as the integrated surrounding in contact with the metallic structures. Some basic points to keep in mind before describing environments are its physical state (gas, liquid, or solid), chemical composition, constituents, pH, presence of impurities, ions present, temperature, and velocity [13]. So for corrosion to happen, we have to study two components like materials and environments. Further when corrosion is discussed, it is important to think of a combination of a material and an environment.
