Part V: Policy Aspects
– Chapter 18 describes a data science approach based on user interactions to generate access control policies for large collections of documents in cloud environment. After a general introduction to network science theory, various approaches for spreading policies using network science are discussed. Then, evaluations and matrices to evaluate policies for cloud security are described. This chapter concludes with a presentation of all the simulation results.
– Chapter 19 discusses the policies of iSchools with artificial intelligence, machine learning, and robotics through analysis of programs, curriculum and potentialities towards intelligent societal systems on cloud platform. iSchools are a kind of consortium that develops with the collection of information and technology-related schools and academic units. In the last decade there has been a significant growth in the development of such academic bodies. This chapter provides a policy framework for iSchools, the methodology involved and a list of available iSchools. The chapter concludes with some policy suggestions and future work related to iSchools.
The Editors
October 2021
1
Hybrid Cloud: A New Paradigm in Cloud Computing
Moumita Deb* and Abantika Choudhury†
RCC Institute of Information Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Abstract
Hybrid cloud computing is basically a combination of cloud computing with on-premise resources to provide work portability, load distribution, and security. Hybrid cloud may include one public and one private cloud, or it may contain two or more private clouds or may have two or more public clouds depending on the requirement. Public clouds are generally provided by third party vendors like Amazon, Google, and Microsoft. These clouds traditionally ran off premise and provide services through internet. Whereas private clouds also offer computing services to selected user either over the internet or within a private internal network and conventionally ran on-premise. But this scenario is changing nowadays. Earlier distinction between private and public clouds can be done on the location and ownership information, but currently, public clouds are running in on-premise data centers of customer and private clouds are constructed on off premise rented, vendor-owned data centers as well. So, the architecture is becoming complex. Hybrid cloud reduces the potential exposure of sensitive or crucial data from the public while keeping non-sensitive data into the cloud. Thus, secure access to data while enjoying attractive services of the public cloud is the key factor in hybrid cloud. Here, we have done a survey on hybrid cloud as it is one of the most promising areas in cloud computing, discuss all insight details. Security issues and measures in hybrid cloud are also discussed along with the use of artificial intelligence. We do not intend to propose any new findings rather we will figure out some of future research directions.
Keywords: PaaS, SaaS, IaaS, SLA, agility, encryption, middleware, AI
1.1 Introduction
Cloud computing is catering computing services such as storage, networking, servers, analytics, intelligence, and software though the internet on demand basis. We typically have to pay for only for the services we use. IT is a growing industry and catering its service requirement is challenging. On-premise resources are not sufficient always, so leveraging attractive facilities provided by cloud service providers is often required. Typical services provided by cloud computing are Platform as a service (PaaS), Software as a service (SaaS), and Infrastructure as a service (IaaS). But all the clouds are not same and no one particular cloud can satisfy all the customer. As a result, various types of services are emerging to cater the need of any organization. The following are the facilities cater by cloud computing.
Scalability: IT services are not restricted to offline resources anymore, online cloud services can do a wonder. Any business can be extended based on the market need through the use of cloud computing services. A client needs almost nothing but a computer with internet connection, rest of the services can be borrowed from cloud vendors. Business can grow according to the requirement. Scalability is the key factor in adoption of any new paradigm. An organization meant for 100 people can be easily scaled up to 1,000 (ideally any number) people with the help of the cloud computing services.
Cost: Since cloud provides services pay as you use basis, cost of setting up a business has reduced manifolds. Capital expense in buying server, software, and experts for managing infrastructure is not mandatory anymore; vendors can provide all these services. Cost saving is one of the most lucrative features of cloud computing. Any startup company can afford the cost of the setup price required for the orchestration of public cloud; thus, they can engage their selves exclusively for the development of their business.
Speed: Cloud computing helps to speed up the overall functioning of any organization. Several lucrative easy-to-use options are just one click away, so designers and programmers can freely think about their innovations, and as a result, the speed and performance can be enhanced. Moreover, since most of the background hazards are handled by the cloud service providers as a result implementation of any advanced thinking can be made possible quickly and effortlessly.
Reliability: Reliability is a key factor where huge data need to handle all the time. Periodic data backup and use of disaster recovery methods helps to increase the data reliability in cloud computing. Also, since space is not a constraint anymore, clients can keep mirrored data. A reliable system often leads to a secure system. Any organizations need to handle huge user centric sensitive data as well as business related data. Maintaining the reliability in the data need several rules and regulations to be enforced.
Performance: Improved operation, better customer support, and flexible workplace aid companies to perform better than conventional on-premise system. Amazon helps Car company Toyota to build cloud-based data centers. The company is going to use the behavioral data of the user of the car, and based on that, they will send service and insurance related data [1]. User can also use Facebook or Twitter in their car dashboard. This is only an example; there is lot more. Adaptation of advanced technology excels the performance of existing system as cloud plays a crucial role here.
Security: Cloud service providers use many security mechanisms like encryption, authentication of user, authorization, and use of some Artificial Intelligence (AI)–based method to secure their app, data, and infrastructure from possible threats.
A combination of secure open source technologies along with integrated network may be used for secure hybrid cloud deployment like it does in HCDM [16]. But, before deployment, the customer need to determine what type of cloud computing architecture is best suitable. There are three different ways to organize cloud: private, public, and hybrid. Here, we will discuss about hybrid cloud, its benefits, and security aspects.
Thus, motivation of this review is to provide a broad details of hybrid cloud computing, why it is gaining popularity, how business is going to be affected through the use of cloud adaption in near future, what security
