media, etc. [14]. According to a report published by Mordor Intelligence, North America, Middle East, Africa, Europe, and Asia Pacific are top growing regions worldwide. Figure 1.2 shows the hybrid cloud market. Green portions represent highly growing market. Hybrid cloud management software solution is the main reason of this popularity. Starting from deployment to quota management, customization of service library, costing, performance management, and governance, everything is taken care of, like the software management tool. Mostly, the services provided by public providers are restricted to some architecture or technology and vendor specific. But the management tool provided by hybrid providers helps to amalgamate different services provided by various vendors. Amazon and Microsoft, the giants in this field, are working hard in the up gradation of their management software by including advanced infrastructure templates, libraries, API, and apps. In India, IBM is also approaching toward hybrid cloud and AI [15]. IBM invested $1 billion into a cloud ecosystem project in the month of August. They are expected to invest more in the coming time. In India, 17% of organizations are planning to spend investment from 42% to 49% on hybrid cloud by 2023 according to a study by IBM IBV. Since India is heading toward a digital transformation and self-reliant camping, so the opportunity of new technology adaptation also increasing.
Figure 1.2 Market trend of hybrid cloud [14].
1.2.4 Things to Remember When Deploying Hybrid Cloud
Having an understanding what hybrid cloud is and how it facilitates the activities of any organization, now, we need to understand some factors that have to be considered before the deployment of hybrid cloud.
Selection of best suitable platform for cloud: As discussed, the need of every organization is not same. Before deployment of the hybrid cloud, organizations need to have a plan for the services; it will borrow from the public cloud. If it is going to use only SaaS, then it is not a problem but it is going to use IaaS or PaaS and then it is very important to take the correct decision from the commencement of the service as building a hybrid structure that would not be able to handle additional workload generates severe problem.
Whether to use unified OS or not: In true hybrid cloud, a unified OS is installed in the middleware that basically governs the overall functionalities. But in some cases, on-premise system may be operated by its own OS then just with the help of internet they can connect to public cloud. The performance of this architecture will be vast different from unified OS. OpenStack, VMWare cloud, Nutanix, and Kubernetes are some example of cloud OS framework. These frameworks are sufficient building the middleware and it provides OS and all supporting application for the smooth execution of all activities in hybrid cloud.
How to manage different activity: Huge amount of data need to be handled in case of hybrid cloud. A hybrid system should look into smooth accessibility of data, and at the same time, security of data needs to be guaranteed. Anyone cannot host any data onto the public cloud. Proper personnel with adequate experience need to be engaged for the management of dedicated applications.
How security of data will be guaranteed: Since data is moving in between public and private cloud, it needs to be secured. Through security mechanisms of public cloud, it has developed much from its early date but still it is not 100% secure. There are always threats of data breach. Migration of sensitive need special care as sight alteration in business sensitive data might cause severe problem in the business.
How to integrate public cloud with existing on-premise system: Amalgamation of public cloud onto an existing on-premise system often needs several alterations in the working of the existing on-premise system. Overall performance of the system should always improve with the addition of the public cloud, and it should not degrade.
How to manage common backup and disaster recovery: Data need to be backed up to ensure reliability and availability. Backing up of all the data both in private and public cloud need to be done. At the same time, the system should be able to handle catastrophic failure or disaster. How to maintain a common routine for all the operational data to accommodate those situations is key to the success of hybrid cloud deployment.
Building a hybrid cloud is a complex procedure but successful implementation will provide scalability, flexibility, security, and cost saving. More and more organizations approaching toward hybrid cloud for the current benefit and future growth.
1.3 Comparison Among Different Hybrid Cloud Providers
The major famous leading cloud computing vendors are Google Cloud, AWS, and Microsoft Azure. They have their some advantages and disadvantages. These three leading cloud providers have important role in the PaaS and IaaS markets. Synergy Research Group reported that the growth of Amazon is very significantly high in overall growth of market. It possesses a share of 33% of cloud market throughout the world. In second position, there is Microsoft. Microsoft is very fast growing and in the last four quarters, and its share has been increased by 3% and it reaches at 18%. Nowadays, cloud computing is become much matured. It is becoming hybrid cloud, and it also becomes more enhanced as market share. New trends have come to improve cloud computing system in 2020 than that of 2017, 2018, and 2019 [17].
Hybrid cloud [17] provides strategy for enterprises that involve operational part of varieties of job in varieties infrastructure, whether on private cloud and public cloud with a proprietary different layers at the top level. Multi-cloud concept is similar kind of but not to involve any private cloud. Hybrid cloud is the most popular strategy among enterprises; 58% of respondents stated that it is their choice able approach while 10% for a single public cloud provider and 17% for multiple public clouds.
Microsoft Azure Stack: Microsoft is a popular vendor that provides hybrid cloud. Because it has huge on-premises legacy. The services of MS Azure are developed on Windows Server. The .Net framework and the Visual Studio provide better features of on apps for their smoother services [17].
AWS Outposts: Amazon’s Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a one of the best product. It is one of the most popular in market and its share is next to the Microsoft leading competitor. This company has variety of services and largest data center that continues to provide facilities to billions of customers. AWS is very well-known public cloud that offers many services to connect for installations to the cloud. It also serves everything like disaster recovery and burst capacity [17].
Google Cloud Anthos: The Google Cloud Platform is another one popular in hybrid cloud. It is a competitor of Microsoft AWS and IBM. Google primarily made pure cloud system, but later, they changed policy and started to work with on-premise systems for disaster recovery, elastic infrastructure, Big Data, and DevOps. It also provides a huge number of cloud-based services. The services are based on AI efforts based on AI processor and TensorFlow. No one can buy TensorFlow system but can run AI and machine learning apps on Google Cloud [17, 18].
Oracle Cloud at Customer: This is another one popular hybrid cloud service provider. It provides mostly on-demand service, in its own cloud system. Unlike Azure, AWS, and GCP, this provider does not allow its software to execute in virtual instances for any operation. But it runs on metal servers; Oracle also offers this kind of service. Oracle cloud is also very easy to run its apps on-premise on the cloud [18].
IBM: IBM merged all of its cloud services, called IBM Cloud. It possesses more than 170 types of services for public cloud and on-premise. These services are not only limited to bare metal hosting and virtualized mode, containers, and
