VCSEL Industry. Babu Dayal Padullaparthi

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Hatakoshi, “The Principle and Application Systems of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser,” Adcom‐Media Co. Ltd. Tokyo, Sept. 25, 2020. (PDF Japanese language version)

      29 29 H. Soda, K. Iga, C. Kitahara, and Y. Suematsu, “GaInAsP/InP surface emitting injection lasers,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 2329–2330 (1979).

      30 30 Y. Motegi, H. Soda, and K. Iga, “Surface emitting GaInAsP/InP injection laser with short cavity length,” Electron. Lett., Vol. 18, No. 11, pp. 461–463 (1982).

      31 31 K. Iga, S. Kinoshita, and F. Koyama, “Microcavity GaAlAs/GaAs surface‐emitting laser with Ith=6 mA,” Electron. Lett., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 134–136, Jan. (1987).

      32 32 F. Koyama, S. Kinoshita, and K. Iga, “Room temperature cw operation of GaAs vertical cavity surface emitting laser,” Trans. IEICE, vol. E71, No. 11, pp. 1089–1090 (1988).

      33 33 F. Koyama, S. Kinoshita, and K. Iga: “Room‐temperature continuous wave lasing characteristics of GaAs vertical cavity surface‐emitting laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 221–222 (1989).

      34 34 T. Sakaguchi, F. Koyama, and K. Iga, “Vertical cavity surface‐emitting laser with an AlGaAs/AlAs Bragg reflector,” Electron. Lett., vol. 24, no. 15, pp. 928–929, July (1988).

      35 35 H. Uenohara, F. Koyama, and K. Iga: “Application of the multiquantum well (MQW) to a surface emitting laser,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 740–741, April (1989).

      36 36 J. L. Jewell, S. L. McCall, A. Scherer, H. H. Houh, N. A. Whitaker, A. C. Gossard, and J. H. English, “Transverse modes, waveguide dispersion and 30 ps recovery in submicron GaAs/AlAs micro‐resonators,” Appl. Phys. Lett. vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 22–24 (1989).

      37 37 Y. H. Lee, J. L. Jewell, A. Scherer, S. L. McCall, J. P. Harbison, and L. T. Florez: “Room‐ temperature continuous‐wave vertical‐cavity single‐quantum‐well micro‐laser diodes,” Electron. Lett., vol. 25, no. 20, pp. 1377–1378 (1989).

      38 38 S. W. Corzine, R. S. Geels, R. H. Yan, J. W. Scott, and L. A. Coldren, “Efficient, narrow‐linewidth distributed‐Bragg reflector surface emitting laser with periodic gain,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 52–54 (1989).

      39 39 R. S. Geels, and L. A. Coldren: “Sub‐milliamp threshold vertical‐cavity laser diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 57, pp. 1605–1607, (1991)

      40 40 R. A. Morgan, “High‐performance, producible vertical‐cavity lasers for optical interconnect,” in Current Trends in Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers, T. P. Lee Ed., World Scientific, pp. 65–95 (1995).

      41 41 T. Wipiejewski, K. Panzlaf, E. Zeeb, and K. J. Ebeling, “Sub‐milliamp vertical cavity laser diode structure with 2.2 nm continuous tuning,” 18th European Conf. Opt. Comm. '1992, PD II‐4, Sept. 1992.

      42 42 Y. Hayashi, T. Mukaihara, N. Hatori, Ohnoki, A. Matsutani, F. Koyama, and K. Iga, “Record low‐threshold index‐guided InGaAs/GaAlAs vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser with a native oxide confinement structure,” Electron. Lett., vol. 31, no. 7, pp. 560–561, Mar. (1995).

      43 43 J. M. Dallesasse, N. Holonyak Jr., A. R. Sugg, T. A. Richard, and N. El‐Zein: “Hydrolyzation‐oxidation of AlxGa1‐xAs‐AlAs‐GaAs quantum well heterostructures and superlattices,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 57, no. 26, pp. 2844–2846 (1990).

      44 44 M. H. Crawford, K. D. Choquette, R. J. Hickman, and K. M. Geib, “Performances of selective oxidized AlGaInP‐based visible VCSELs,” in OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Advances in Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser), Ed. C. Chang‐Hasnain, vol. TOPS15, pp. 112–117 (1997).

      45 45 N. Yokouchi, T. Miyamoto, T Uchida, Y Inaba, F. Koyama, and K. Iga, “40 Å continuous tuning of a GaInAsP/InP vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser using an external mirror,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 4, no. 7, pp. 701–703, July (1992).

      46 46 M. S. Wu, E. C. Vail, G. S. Li, W. Yuen, and C. J. Chang‐Hasnain, “Tunable micromachined vertical cavity surface emitting laser,” Electron. Lett., vol. 31, no. 19, pp. 1671–1672 (1995).

      47 47 E. Ho, F. Koyama, and K. Iga: “Effective reflectivity from self‐imaging in a Talbot cavity and its effect on the threshold of a finite 2‐D surface emitting laser array,” Appl. Opt., vol. 29, no. 34, pp. 5080–5085 (1990).

      48 48 T. Baba, Y. Yogo, K. Suzuki, F. Koyama, and K. Iga, “Near room temperature continuous wave lasing characteristics of GalnAsP/lnP surface emitting laser,” Electron. Lett., vol. 29, no. 10, pp. 913–914 (1993).

      49 49 K. Iga, “Surface emitting laser‐its birth and generation of new optoelectronic fields,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., Invited paper, vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 1201–1215, Nov./Dec., 2000.

      50 50 E. Towe, R. F. Leheny, and A. Yang, (December 2000). “A historical perspective of the development of the vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser“. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 1458–1464, Nov./Dec., 2000.

      51 51 C. J. Chang‐Hasnain, J. P. Harbison, C. E. Zah, M. W. Maeda, L. T. Florez, N. G. Stoffel, and T. P. Lee: “Multiple wavelength tunable surface‐emitting laser arrays,,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 1368–1376 (1991).

      52 52 B. D. Padullaparthi, R. Chen and A. Tan et al., “High Volume Manufacturing of VCSELs for Datacom & Sensing,” Industry Panel Discussions, Th4, pp: 51, International Nano‐Optoelectronics Workshop (i‐NOW) 2018, UC Berkeley, USA.

      53 53 K. Iga, F. Koyama, and S. Kinoshita, “Surface emitting semiconductor laser,” IEEE J. Quantum. Electron., vol. QE‐24, no. 9, pp. 1845–1855, Sept. (1988).

      54 54 C. Jung, R. Jäger, M. Grabherr, P. Schnitzer, R. Michalzik, B. Weigl, S. Muller, and K. J. Ebeling, “4.8 mW single mode oxide confined top‐surface emitting vertical‐cavity laser diodes,” Electron. Lett., vol. 33, no. 21, pp. 1790–1791 (1997).

      55 55 K. Iga, “Forty years of VCSEL: Invention and innovation,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 57, No. 8S2, pp. 1–7, Aug. (2018).

      56 56 B. D. Padullaparthi, “Impact of ∆neff of 850nm VCSEL cavity on low noise for 100G eSR4 transmission and its potential for ≥400G datacenter optical interconnects,” Proc. SPIE11704 11704–24 (2021) doi:10.1117/12.475724.

      57 57 J. A. Tatum and J. K. Guenter, “The VCSELS are coming,” Proc. SPIE 4994, Vertical‐Cavity Surface‐Emitting Lasers VII, 17 June 2003;

      58 58 K. Iga, “VCSEL Odyssey,” SPIE No. PM318, September 1, 2020.

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