Into Value-Added Products and Its Application Through Hydrothermal Liquefaction
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biomass
17.3 Factors Influencing HTL Products
17.4 Separation of Bioproducts Derived From HTL of Biomass
17.5 Characterization and Application of HTL Products
17.6 Conclusion
References
18 Industrial Applications of Cellulose Extracted from Agricultural and Food Industry Wastes
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Cellulose Biomass
18.3 Derivatization
18.4 Method of Preparation
18.5 Applications
18.6 Conclusion
References
19 Valorization of Lignin Toward the Production of Novel Functional Materials
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Various Pre-Treatment Methods for Separation of Lignin From Biomass
19.3 Characterization Techniques for Lignin
19.4 Lignin-Based Nanomaterials
19.5 Lignin Reinforced with Polymer-Based Composites
19.6 Lignin-Based Adhesives
References
20 Characterization and Valorization of Sludge From Textile Wastewater Plant for Positive Environmental Applications
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Characterization of Sludge
20.3 Treatment of Sludge
20.4 Valorization of Sludge
20.5 Conclusion
References
21 Impact of Biofertilizers in Sustainable Growth of Agriculture Sector
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Types of Biofertilizers
21.3 Methods of Application of Biofertilizers
21.4 Types of Bioformulations
21.5 Points of Interest of Utilizing Biofertilizers
21.6 Impact of Biofertilizers on Soil Microorganisms
21.7 International Market of Biofertilizers
21.8 Upgradation of Biofertilizer Utilization for Sustainable Agricultural Production
21.9 Limitations in Biofertilizer Technology
21.10 Conclusions
References
22 Valorization of Agricultural Wastes as Low-Cost Adsorbents Towards Efficient Removal of Aqueous Cr(VI)
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Influence of Adsorption Parameters on Cr(VI) Uptake
22.3 Kinetics of Adsorption
22.4 Adsorption Isotherm Models
22.5 Adsorption Thermodynamics
22.6 Evaluation of Adsorption Capacities and Mechanism of Adsorption
22.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
7 Index
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Reasons for energy crisis on earth.Figure 1.2 Distribution of sources of energy.Figure 1.3 Photosynthesis process in plants [13].Figure 1.4 Strategies for the fabrication of photocatalysts [15].
2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Schematical diagram of structure of supply chain biobased aromatics.Figure 2.2 Sources of lignocellulose.Figure 2.3a Lignin content in various types of plants (Gymnosperms).Figure 2.3b Composition of Lignin in different plants (Eudicotyledons).Figure 2.3c Presence of Lignin in different plants (Monocotyledons).Figure 2.4 Schematic diagram for processing of lignin.
3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Different methods for biomass transformation to fuels and value-added...Figure 3.2 Different sources of biomass.
4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Transesterification reaction for biodiesel production.Figure
