Handbook of Biomass Valorization for Industrial Applications. Группа авторов

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lauric acid, MAG, and DAG was formed as shown in Figure 4.7. The catalyst [PrSO₃HN] [SO₃CF₃]/C nanorods show superior catalytic performance as compared to propylsulfonic acid-modified SBA-15, Amberlyst-15, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and [PrSO₃HN][SO₃CF₃] functionalized carbonaceous framework [32].

Table 4.3 Performance of different carbon catalysts for different valorization processes.

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S. N.	Name of catalyst	Source of catalyst	Type of process	Reactant	Glycerol derivatives	Conversion of glycerol (%)	Selectivity (%)	Ref.
1.	TC-L carbon	Rice husk	Esterification	Acetic acid	DAG + TAG	90	90	[37]
2.	TC-L carbon	Rice husk	Etherification	TBA	DTBG + TTBG	53	25	[37]
3.	TAC-673	Sucrose	Esterification	Acetic acid	TAG	<99	50	[27]
4.	AC-SA5	Activated carbon	Acetylation	Acetic acid	DAG + TAG	91	62	[34]
5.	PW2-AC	Activated Carbon	Esterification	Acetic acid	Diacetin	86	63	[35]
6.	SHTC	D-glucose	Esterification	Acetic acid	Mono acetin	70	89	[28]
7.	SO3H-C,	Cellulose	Acetalization	Acetone	Solketal	80	100	[29]
8.	SO3H-carbon	Glycerol	Esterification Acetylation	Acetic acid, Acid anhydride	TAG	100	100	[34]
9.	SO3H-glycerol-carbon	Glycerol	Acetylation	Acetic acid	TAG	100	100	[40]
10.	[PrSO3HN] [SO3CF3]/C	Glucose	Esterification	Acetic acid Lauric acid	TAG, MLG and DLG	–	–	[32]
11.	GBCC	Crude glycerol	Esterification	Acetic acid	DAG + TAG	99	88	[39]
12.	Sulfonated carbon	Catkins from willow	Esterification	Acetic acid	DAG	98.4	54.5	[38]
13.	CX	Glucose	Acetylation	Acetic acid	DA + TA	97	75	[26]
14.	Sulfonated Peanut Shell	Peanut shell,	Etherification	Isobutylene	DTBGs + TTBG	100	92.1	[51]
15.	SCC-S	Agroindustrial Wastes	Etherification	TBA	DTBG + TTBG	80	21.3	[54]
16.	Sulfonated carbon	Sugar	Etherification	tert-butanol	Mono and di-glyceryl	–	–	[33]
17.	BCC-SF	Coffee ground wastes	Etherification	TBA	MTBG