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Prognosis and risk stratification
Bleeding and recurrent VTE
Conclusion
References
SECTION 5: Respiratory Diseases
CHAPTER 38: Epidemiologic and pathophysiologic overview of respiratory infections
Introduction
Host factors
Environmental factors
References
CHAPTER 39: Pneumonia
Introduction
Causative agents
Clinical presentation of pneumonia in the elderly
Differential diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection
Hospitalization and further investigations in elderly people with a suspected diagnosis of community‐acquired pneumonia
Therapy of pneumonia in the elderly
Prevention of pneumonia in the elderly
Further reading
CHAPTER 40: Aspiration pneumonia
Introduction
Pathophysiology
Risk factors for aspiration
Clinical presentation
Diagnosis
Management and prevention of aspiration
Acknowledgements
References
CHAPTER 41: The COVID‐19 pandemic in older people
Introduction
Coronaviruses
COVID‐19 in older people
Prevention
Ethical issues
Future perspectives
Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 42: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma
Ageing mechanisms in the lungs
Generalities on lung function testing in the elderly
Inhalation techniques and adherence improvement issues
Polypathology and polypharmacy in elderly respiratory patients
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Asthma
References
CHAPTER 43: Pulmonary rehabilitation
Introduction
Organization
Patient selection
Components of pulmonary rehabilitation
Outcomes
Maintenance following pulmonary rehabilitation
Summary
References
SECTION 6: CNS Disorders
CHAPTER 44: Neurological signs of ageing
Introduction: interpreting ageing changes
Neurological signs of ageing
Reflexes
Station and gait: postural responses
Sensorimotor function: sensory systems
Cognitive function
Conclusions
References
CHAPTER 45: Sleep apnoea and sleep disorders
Introduction
Basic sleep concepts
Main sleep alterations in seniors
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic leg movement during sleep (PLMS)
REM sleep behaviour disorder
Circadian rhythm sleep disorders
Insomnia
References
CHAPTER 46: Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Introduction
Diagnostic modalities
CSF flow and CSF flow rate
Prognostic tests
