need for better support of decision‐makers. They need training and evaluation environments presenting the same complexity observed in reality, and they need decision support that helps to detect, understand, and govern complexity, in particular emerging behaviors typical for complexity. Organizations such as the International Counsel of Systems Engineering (INCOSE) identified many simulation related methods and tools in their primer for complexity, and these insights should drive military decision‐making as well: We need simulation to represent complex environment as well as to detect and manage it in our command and control processes. Using the latest simulation methods in support of wargaming is therefore a must.
The result of these parallel events is a compendium that shows the state of the art of wargaming and tools that allow the implementation of the vision of a fifth‐generation wargaming center. Although the original ideas are rooted in the USMC initiative, the insights presented here are neither limited to the Marines nor the United States. Methods and tools are generally applicable to support decision‐making in complex environments, applied to defense challenges. However, the focus of our description lies on the methods, not the application domain. In addition, some chapters provide the historical context to better understand where we are going, and some give application examples to showcase the complexity of the decisions and the power of available solutions. Overall, we hope to contribute to the discussion about decision‐making in complex environments, and how simulation and related other computational support can realize the vision of a wargaming center for the challenges of our times.
Andreas Tolk, Hampton, Virginia
Curtis L. Blais, Monterey, California
Chuck Turnitsa, Newport News, Virginia
December 2019
List of Contributors
Steven Aguiar Naval Undersea Warfare Center Newport, Rhode Island USA
Ryszard Antkiewicz Military University of Technology Warsaw Poland
Jeffrey Appleget Naval Postgraduate School Montrey, California USA
Curtis L. Blais Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, California USA
Karsten Brathen FFI – Norwegian Defence Research Establishment Kjeller, Norway
Paul K. Davis RAND CorporationSanta Monica, California USA
Armin Fügenschuh Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus–Senftenberg Germany
Richard J. Haberlin The MITRE Corporation McLean, Virginia USA
Dean S. Hartley III Hartley Consulting Oak Ridge, Tennessee USA
Alejandro S. Hernandez Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, California USA
M. Fatih Hocaoğlu Istanbul Medeniyet University Istanbul Turkey
Jan Hodicky NATO HQ SACT Norfolk, Virginia USA
Reiner K. Huber University of the Federal Armed Forces Munich Germany
Leonie Marguerite Johannsmann German Air Force Wunstorf Germany
William Lademan USMC Wargaming Division Quantico, Virginia USA
Sönke Marahrens German Institute for Defense and Strategic Studies, Hamburg Germany
Sandra Matuszewski German Air Force Kalkar Germany
Ole Martin Mevassvik FFI – Norwegian Defence Research Establishment Kjeller, Norway
Daniel Müllenstedt German Air Force Command Cologne Germany
Andrzej Najgebauer Military University of Technology Warsaw Poland
Ernest H. Page The MITRE Corporation McLean, Virginia USA
Dariusz Pierzchała Military University of Technology Warsaw Poland
Phillip E. Pournelle United States Navy, Retired Fairfax, Virginia USA
Joseph M. Saur Taurus TeleSYS Yorktown, Virgnia USA
Johannes Schmidt Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus–Senftenberg Germany
Rikke Amilde Seehuus FFI – Norwegian Defence Research Establishment Kjeller, Norway
Mark Sisson United States Strategic Command Omaha, Nebraska USA
Andreas Tolk The MITRE Corporation Hampton, Virginia USA
Charles Turnitsa Regent University Newport News, Virginia USA
Paul Vebber Naval Undersea Warfare CenterNewport, Rhode Island USA
Jorit Wintjes Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität Würzburg Germany
Sławomir Wojciechowski Multinational Corps North East Szczecin Poland
Author Biography
Steven Aguiar is a senior engineer in the Undersea Warfare (USW) Combat Systems department and program manager for the Virtual Undersea Battlespace program at the Naval Sea Systems Command Warfare Centers. He holds several leadership roles across the Department of the Navy's Modeling & Simulation (M&S) community including M&S lead for Visualization, Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality. Over the last five years he has focused his efforts on the role of M&S technologies in wargaming, working with various US Fleet commands to prototype and deploy innovative wargaming environments. In 2008 he also pioneered the exploration and subsequent adoption of Virtual World technologies across the US Navy enterprise. He has an MS and a BS in electrical engineering from the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth.
Ryszard Antkiewicz is an associate professor at the Cybernetics Faculty of Military University of Technology and director of Operations Research and Decision Support Department. He holds a PhD and MSc in computer science from the Military University of Technology in Warsaw, and habilitation from Systems Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences. His scientific interest is focused on modeling and performance evaluation of computer systems and computer networks, application of quantitative methods in computer security, combat modeling and simulation, mathematical methods of decision support. He has taken part in many scientific projects connected with combat simulation, artificial intelligence application in combat decision support system, capability‐based planning of armed forces development, cyber warfare modeling, terrorist threat prediction, crisis management. He published more than 100 peer‐reviewed journal articles, book chapters, and conference papers.
Jeff Appleget is a retired army colonel who served 20 of his 30 years on active duty as an operations research analyst. His first analysis tour was at the U.S. Army Concepts Analysis Agency (CAA; now Center for Army Analysis), working on the validation of the artillery module of the FORCEM simulation and using CEM to model Operation Desert Storm, which earned him the CAA Director’s Award
