Measurement of Temperament
Temperament and Social Development: Theoretical Perspectives
Temperamental Influences on Social Competence
Temperamental Influences on Emotional and Behavioral Problems
Temperament‐Based Interventions
Concluding Comments and Future Directions
References
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN: Gender Differences in Children’s Play
Gender Differences in Play: Emergence, Magnitude, and Trajectory
Gender Differences in Play: Long‐Term Implications
Early Hormonal Influences on Gender‐Related Play
Parental Influences on Gender‐Related Play
Sociocognitive Influences on Gender‐Related Play
Integrating Different Perspectives: Joint Influences on Development
Conclusions
References
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN: Race and Ethnicity in the Context of Children’s Social Development
Social Cognitive Developmental Theories about Race
Social Group Concepts and Racial Preferences
The Role of Social Status on Racial Attitudes
Reasoning about Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities
The Role of Group Norms on Racial Attitudes
Mitigating Prejudice in Childhood
Future Directions and Conclusions
References
13 PART VI: Contextual Factors CHAPTER NINETEEN: Children’s Social Development within the Context of Early Childhood Education and Care Experiences Defining ECEC Quality Associations between ECEC Quality and Child Outcomes Policy Features that May Explain the Lack of Association between ECEC Programs and Positive Child Outcomes Organizing Principles to Support High‐quality ECEC for Disadvantaged Children and Parents Inclusive ECEC Programming Operational Issues in the Delivery of ECEC Services that May Reduce the Likelihood of Realization of Potential Positive Effects of ECEC Conclusions References CHAPTER TWENTY: Children’s Interpersonal Skills and School‐Based Relationships: Links to School Adjustment in Early and Middle Childhood Child‐Level Factors Environment‐Level Factors Differential Contributions of Classroom Relationships to Children’s School Adjustment Child and Environment Models Primary Contributions and Implications Implications for Prevention and Intervention Research Future Directions Acknowledgments References CHAPTER TWENTY‐ONE: The Personal and Social Development of Children in Sport Positive and (Potentially) Negative Sides of Youth Sport Pathways of Sport Involvement During Childhood The Outcomes of Youth Sport The Personal Assets Framework Emphasizing Development in a Sport‐Performance Culture Sport Programs that Foster Positive Development in Children Conclusion References CHAPTER TWENTY‐TWO: Religion and Social Development in Childhood What do Children Think about God and Gods? Children’s Social Development and Religion in the Family Childhood Religion and Developmental Outcomes Religious Identity, Prejudice, and Diversity Conclusion References
14 PART VII: The Family and the Peer Group CHAPTER TWENTY‐THREE: Parent–Child Attachment in Early and Middle Childhood Key Issues What Factors Promote Individual Differences in Attachment? Attachment in Early and Middle Childhood: Associations with Children’s Social Development New Directions or Unanswered Questions References
