Katie Donington, 2020, The Bonds of Family: Slavery, Commerce and Culture in the British Atlantic World, Manchester University Press.36 36. Diana Paton, 2001, ‘Punishment, Crime, and the Bodies of Slaves in Eighteenth-Century Jamaica’, Journal of Social History, Vol. 34, pp. 923–54; as well as her 2012, Obeah and Other Powers:The Politics of Caribbean Religion and Healing, Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.
37 37. Rhoda Reddock, 1994, Women, Labour and Politics in Trinidad and Tobago. A History, Ian Randle.
38 38. Rhoda Reddock, 1985, ‘Women and Slavery in the Caribbean: A Feminist Perspective’, Latin American Perspectives, Vol. 12, No. 1, Latin American Colonial History, pp. 77, 78.
39 39. Randy M. Browne, 2017, Surviving Slavery in the British Caribbean, University of Pennsylvania Press.
40 40. Patricia Mohammed, 2000, ‘“But Most of All Mi Love Me Browning”: The Emergence in Eighteenth and Nineteenth-Century Jamaica of the Mulatto Woman as the Desired’, Feminist Review,Vol. 65, No. 1, pp. 22–48.
41 41. Kamala Kempadoo, 2004, Sexing the Caribbean: Gender, Race and Sexual Labor, Routledge.
42 42. Ibid.
43 43. Michael Craton and James Walvin, 1970, A Jamaican Plantation: The History of Worthy Park, 1670–1970, University of Toronto Press.
44 44. A few years later I conducted a questionnaire-based survey of Worthy Park with a research assistant, along with in-depth interviews of plantation workers, but never analysed the result. Soon after the survey I received a letter from Michael Craton asking me to leave his site alone and find another plantation to study. I gave up the project. The questionnaire materials, which include several network questions, will be deposited with my papers at a yet to be determined library.
45 45. Michael Craton, 1978, Searching for the Invisible Man: Slaves and Plantation Life in Jamaica, Harvard University Press.
46 46. Orlando Patterson, 1982, ‘Recent Studies on Caribbean Slavery and The Atlantic Slave Trade’, Latin American Research Review, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 251–75.
47 47. Sidney Mintz, 1984, ‘More on the Peculiar Institution’, New West Indian Guide/Nieuwe West-Indische Gids,Vol. 58, No. 3/4, pp. 185–99.
48 48. Michael Craton, 1979, ‘Proto-Peasant Revolts? The Late Slave Rebellions in the British West Indies, 1816–1832’, Past and Present, No. 85, pp. 99–125.
49 49. See James C. Scott, 1990, Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts,Yale University Press, p. 24.
50 50. Michael Craton, 1974, ‘Searching for the Invisible Man: Some of the Problems of Writing on Slave Society in the British West Indies’, Historical Reflections / Réflexions Historiques,Vol. 1, No. 1, p. 50.
51 51. On Elkins, as indicated earlier, I am sympathetic to his comparison of slavery with the Nazi concentration camp. Unlike many critics of Elkins, I also found similarities to the Sambo stereotype in Jamaica, as I did later in other slave societies such as ancient Rome in the slaveholder class’s mocking stereotype of Greek slaves as worthless, unmanly and garrulous, or ‘Graeculus’, well documented in Roman comedy. Where we differ sharply is my interpretation that ‘Quashee’ and ‘Sambo’ were deliberately using the stereotype as a subaltern weapon against the slaveholder, as were the Graeculus of ancient Rome. See Orlando Patterson, 1982, Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study, Harvard University Press, pp. 91, 96–7, 338.
52 52. Higman, 1976, op. cit.; see also his 1986 ‘Jamaican Coffee Plantations 1780–1860: A Cartographic Analysis’, Caribbean Geography,Vol. 2, pp. 73–91; and his 1989 ‘The Internal Economy of Jamaican Pens, 1760–1890’, Social and Economic Studies,Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 61–86.
53 53. Verene A. Shepherd, 2009, Livestock, Sugar and Slavery: Contested Terrain in Colonial Jamaica, Ian Randle.
54 54. Kathleen E. A. Monteith, 2002, ‘The Labour Regimen on JamaicanCoffee Plantations During Slavery’, in Kathleen E. A. Monteith and Glen Richards, eds, Jamaica in Slavery and Freedom: History, Heritage and Culture, University of the West Indies Press, pp. 259–73.
55 55. Higman, 1976, op. cit., pp. 16–17.
56 56. Trevor Burnard, 2020, Jamaica in the Age of Revolution, University of Pennsylvania Press, p. 13.
57 57. Burnard, 2020, op. cit., p. 14.
58 58. On which see Richard Sheridan, 1965, ‘The Wealth of Jamaica in the Eighteenth Century’, Economic History Review,Vol. 18, pp. 292–311; Richard Sheridan, 1985, Doctors and Slaves: A Medical and Demographic History of Slavery in the British West Indies, 1680–1834, Cambridge University Press, Chapters 5–8.
59 59. Elsa Goveia, 1965, Slave Society in the British Leeward Islands at the End of the Eighteenth Century,Yale University Press.
60 60. Ibid., pp. vii, viii.
61 61. Elsa Goveia, ‘Slave Society’ Review of The Sociology of Slavery’, The Times Literary Supplement, No. 3411, 13th July 1967, p. 622. (The Times Literary Supplement Historical Archive, 1002–2019). Signed reviews were introduced by the TLS only in 1974 and the authors of earlier reviews made available much later, when I became aware of the fact the review was by Goveia. It is unlikely that Goveia would have referred to her own work in a signed review.
62 62. Goveia, op. cit., p. 237.
63 63. Goveia, op. cit., p. 238.
64 64. B. W. Higman, 2005, Plantation Jamaica: 1750–1850: Capital and Control in a Colonial Economy, University of the West Indies Press. See also his 1988 work, Jamaica Surveyed. Jamaica Maps and Plans of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, University of the West Indies Press.
65 65. See in particular his comparative study, with John Garrigus, of Saint-Domingue and Jamaica, which draws out distinctive patterns in both systems, while demonstrating their enormous significance for the economies of France and Britain and, in more general terms, the rise of European capitalism in the 18th century: The Plantation Machine: Atlantic Capitalism in French Saint-Domingue and British Jamaica, University of Pennsylvania Press (2016).
66 66. Edward Brathwaite, 1971, The Development of Creole Society in Jamaica, 1770–1820, Clarendon Press.
67 67. Richard Sheridan, 1974, Sugar and Slavery: An Economic History of the British West Indies, Johns Hopkins University Press.
68 68. Carl and Roberta Bridenbaugh, 1972, No Peace Beyond the Line: The English in the Caribbean, 1624–1690, Oxford University Press.
69 69. Jack P. Greene, 2016, Settler Jamaica in the 1750s: A Social Portrait, University of Virginia Press.
70 70. Richard Dunn, 1972, Sugar and Slaves:The Rise of the Planter Class in the English West Indies, 1624–1713, University of North Carolina Press.
71 71. Goveia, op. cit., p. 338.
72 72. Brathwaite, op. cit., pp. 303–5.
73 73. Trevor Burnard, 2004, Mastery, Tyranny, and Desire: Thomas Thistlewood and his Slaves in the Anglo-American World, University of North Carolina Press.
74 74. Douglas Hall, In Miserable Slavery: Thomas Thistlewood in Jamaica, 1750–86, 1989, Macmillan Press, p. xix.
75 75. Aaron Kamugisha, 2019, Beyond Coloniality: Citizenship and Freedom in the
