having a clinically approved catheter, clinical NIRF molecular imaging agents will be required. A promising candidate is indocyanine green (ICG), an amphiphilic molecule that has been FDA‐approved for decades to study cardiac, hepatic, and retinal blood flow. In 2011, Vinegoni et al. [140] showed that ICG can unexpectedly target plaque macrophages and plaque lipid in areas of heightened endothelial permeability, and thus could be useful for clinical intracoronary NIRF molecular imaging of vulnerable plaques. This finding was recently confirmed by others [149], and recently in human carotid atheroma patients [150]. Beyond ICG, many targeted NIRF agents are expected to be available for arterial disease in the future, driven primarily by the field of cancer NIRF molecular imaging [151].
Interactive multiple choice questions are available for this chapter on www.wiley.com/go/dangas/cardiology
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