The term was coined by analogy with the idea of nuclear winter. The field of artificial intelligence has gone through several cycles of hype, followed by disappointment and criticism, followed by a strong cooling off of interest, and then followed by renewed interest years or decades later39,40.
AI workstation is a workstation (PC) with (based on) AI; AI RS, a specialized computer for solving technical or scientific problems, AI tasks; usually connected to a LAN with multi-user operating systems, intended primarily for the individual work of one specialist.
AI workstation is a workstation (PC) with means (based on) AI; AI PC, a specialized desktop PC for solving technical or scientific problems, AI tasks; usually connected to a LAN with multi-user operating systems, intended primarily for the individual work of one specialist.
AI-based management system – the process of creating policies, allocating decision-making rights and ensuring organizational responsibility for risk and investment decisions for an application, as well as using artificial intelligence methods.
AI-based systems are information processing technologies that include models and algorithms that provide the ability to learn and perform cognitive tasks, with results in the form of predictive assessment and decision making in a material and virtual environment. AI systems are designed to work with some degree of autonomy through modeling and representation of knowledge, as well as the use of data and the calculation of correlations. AI-based systems can use various methodologies, in particular: machine learning, including deep learning and reinforcement learning; automated reasoning, including planning, dispatching, knowledge representation and reasoning, search and optimization. AI-based systems can be used in cyber-physical systems, including equipment control systems via the Internet, robotic equipment, social robotics and human-machine interface systems that combine the functions of control, recognition, processing of data collected by sensors, as well as the operation of actuators in the environment of functioning of AI systems41.
AI-complete. In the field of artificial intelligence, the most difficult problems are informally known as AI-complete or AI-hard, implying that the difficulty of these computational problems is equivalent to that of solving the central artificial intelligence problem – making computers as intelligent as people, or strong AI. To call a problem AI-complete reflects an attitude that it would not be solved by a simple specific algorithm42.
AI-enabled – using AI and equipped with AI, for example, AI-enabled tools – tools with AI (see also AI-enabled device).
AI-enabled device is a device supported by an artificial intelligence (AI) system, such as an intelligent robot.
AI-enabled device is a device supported by an artificial intelligence (AI) system, such as an intelligent robot (see also AI-enabled healthcare device)43.
AI-enabled healthcare device is an AI-enabled device for healthcare (medical care), see also AI-enabled device.
AI-enabled healthcare device is an AI-enabled healthcare device44.
AI-enabled is hardware or software that uses AI-enabled AI, such as AI-enabled tools.
AI-optimized – optimized for AI tasks; AI-optimized chip, for example, an AI-optimized chip is a chip optimized for AI tasks (see also artificial intelligence).
AI-optimized is one that is optimized for AI tasks or optimized using AI tools, for example, an AI-optimized chip is a chip that is optimized for AI tasks.
AlexNet – the name of a neural network that won the ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge in 2012. It is named after Alex Krizhevsky, then a computer science PhD student at Stanford University. See ImageNet.45
Algorithm – an exact prescription for the execution in a certain order of a system of operations for solving any problem from some given class (set) of problems. The term «algorithm» comes from the name of the Uzbek mathematician Musa Al-Khorezmi, who in the 9th century proposed the simplest arithmetic algorithms. In mathematics and cybernetics, a class of problems of a certain type is considered solved when an algorithm is established to solve it. Finding algorithms is a natural human goal in solving various classes of problems46.
Algorithmic Assessment is a technical evaluation that helps identify and address potential risks and unintended consequences of AI systems across your business, to engender trust and build supportive systems around AI decision making47.
AlphaGo is the first computer program that defeated a professional player on the board game Go in October 2015. Later in October 2017, AlphaGo’s team released its new version named AlphaGo Zero which is stronger than any previous human-champion defeating versions. Go is played on 19 by 19 board which allows for 10171 possible layouts (chess 1050 configurations). It is estimated that there are 1080 atoms in the universe48.
Physical media is the physical material that is used to store or transmit information in a data transmission49.
Ambient intelligence (AmI) represents the future vision of intelligent computing where explicit input and output devices will not be required; instead, sensors and processors will be embedded into everyday devices and the environment will adapt to the user’s needs and desires seamlessly. AmI systems, will use the contextual information gathered through these embedded sensors and apply Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to interpret and anticipate the users’ needs. The technology will be designed to be human centric and easy to use50.
Analogical Reasoning – solving problems by using analogies, by comparing to past experiences51.
Analysis of algorithms (AofA) – the determination of the computational complexity of algorithms, that is the amount of time, storage and/or other resources necessary to execute them. Usually, this involves determining a function that relates the length of an algorithm’s input to the number of steps it takes (its time complexity) or the number of storage locations it uses (its space complexity)52.
Annotation is a metadatum attached to a piece of data, typically provided by a human annotator53.
Anokhin’s theory of functional systems is a functional system consists of a certain number of nodal mechanisms, each of which takes its place and has a certain specific purpose. The first of these is afferent synthesis, in which four obligatory
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.Commonsense knowledge (artificial intelligence). [Электронный ресурс] en.wikipedia.org URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonsense_knowledge_(artificial_intelligence) (дата обращения: 30.08.2023)
Системы на основе ИИ [Электронный ресурс] https://en.unesco.org URL: https://en.unesco.org/artificial-intelligence/ethics#recommendation (дата обращения: 29.01.2022)
AI-complete [Электронный ресурс] https://dic.academic.ru URL: https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/eng_rus/373471/AI (дата обращения: 27.01.2022)
AI-enabled device [Электронный ресурс] https://www.google.ru URL: https://www.google.ru/books/edition/Англо_русский_толковый/PxxgEAAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=1&dq=AI-enabled+device&pg=PA30&printsec=frontcover (дата обращения 07.07.2023)
AI-enabled healthcare [Электронный ресурс] https://en.wikipedia.org URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_in_healthcare (дата обращения: 27.04.2023)
AlexNet [Электронный ресурс] https://en.wikipedia.org URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AlexNet (дата обращения: 11.05.2023)
Алгоритм [Электронный ресурс] https://intuit.ru URL: https://intuit.ru/studies/courses/1122/167/lecture/4566 (дата обращения: 27.03.2023)
Algorithmic Assessment [Электронный ресурс] https://www.accenture.com URL: https://www.accenture.com/nz-en/services/applied-intelligence/ai-ethics-governance (дата обращения: 27.03.2023)
AlphaGo [Электронный ресурс] https://tadviser.ru URL: https://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/Продукт:AlphaGo (дата обращения: 19.02.2022)
Physical media [Электронный ресурс] https://en.wikipedia.org URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_media#:~:text= Physical%20media%20refers%20to%20the, such %20as%20weight%20and%20color (дата обращения 07.07.2023)
Ambient intelligence (AmI) [Электронный ресурс] https://infosys.com URL: https://www.infosys.com/insights/ai-automation/ambient-intelligence.html #:~:text=Ambient%20intelligence%20 (AmI) %20represents%20the, user’s %20needs%20and%20desires%20seamlessly (дата обращения: 31.07.2022)
Analogical Reasoning [Электронный ресурс] https://studme.org URL: https://studme.org/171664/logika/rassuzhdeniya_analogii_vidy_rassuzhdeniy_analogii (дата обращения: 19.02.2022)
Analysis of algorithms (AofA) [Электронный ресурс] https://aofa.cs.purdue.edu URL: https://aofa.cs.purdue.edu/#:~:text=Analysis%20of%20Algorithms%20(AofA)%20is,%2C%20combinatorial%2C%20and%20analytic%20methods (дата обращения: 18.02.2022)
Annotation [Электронный ресурс] https://appen.com URL: https://appen.com/ai-glossary/ (дата обращения 05.04.2020)
