of competition – преимущества конкуренции;
incentive – стимул, побудительный мотив;
procurement assistance – материально-техническая помощь;
gross national product – валовой национальный продукт;
create new jobs – создавать новые рабочие места;
supply – снабжать, поставлять;
ownership – собственность;
retailing – розничная торговля;
wholesaling – оптовая торговля;
manufacturing – производство;
total assets – общая стоимость имущества, сумма баланса;
net worth – стоимость имущества за вычетом обязательств, собственный капитал (предприятия);
gross profits – валовая прибыль;
net profits – чистая прибыль;
payroll – платежная ведомость;
net receipts – чистая выручка, чистые доходы, чисты денежные поступления;
total sales – общий объем продаж, товарооборот;
return – возмещение, возврат; pl. возвращенный товар; возвращенные чеки, векселя;
allowances – начисления (например сумма накладных расходов;
keep records – вести учет;
tax – налог;
bank loan – банковская ссуда;
partnership – партнерство;
business premises – 1) торговое помещение; 2) помещение фирмы;
labour force – рабочая сила;
business failure – коммерческий крах;
profit – прибыль;
assets – активы, фонды, средства liabilities – пассивы;
денежные обязательства, долги;
earnings – 1) заработок pl.; 2) доход, прибыль, поступление;
advertising agency – рекламное агентство;
warehouse – склад;
оптовый магазин;
tangible – материальный;
intangible – нематериальный;
notes receivable – амер. векселя к получению;
cash – наличность;
equipment – оборудование;
real estate – недвижимость;
retail business – розничная торговля;
surplus – 1) излишек, избыток; 2) нераспределенная прибыль;
total receipts – общая сумма поступления;
bookkeeping – бухгалтерский учет;
merchandise – товары;
money borrowed – деньги, взятые взаймы;
in bulk orders – заказ в большом количестве;
financial investment – финансовые инвестиции.
2.2.4.2 Задание 2. Прочитайте текст переведите его письменно
Today small businesses are the heart of the market economy. There are a great number and variety of small businesses. People become owners and operators of small business firms in one of three ways: start a new firm, buy a franchise, buy or inherit an existing firm.
Small firms have been established to do just about any kind of business imaginable. They have been established to manufacture and distribute goods, to sell them at retail, and, of course, to provide all kinds of needed services. Some serve only the local community, while others function in national and international markets.
The vast majority of small firms concentrate on selling material products, although an increasing number of firms provide a service. Although an increasing number operate in local markets, services, too, are exported. In recent years there has been a great increase in the export of services, such as management consulting, medical, and technological services.
The existence of a strong, healthy small business community has always been recognized as the best way to preserve competition, prevent monopolistic control of any industries, and thus assure the population of the benefits of competition through better prices and quality products. Incentives have been provided to assist small firms. The government of the US created the Small Business Administration (SBA) in 1954 to provide financial, management, and procurement assistance for small firms.
There are some facts that illustrate the importance of small business. According to the Small Business Administration:
– 99 % of all businesses in the US can be classified as small;
– 43 % of the gross national product is contributed by small business;
– while large business has been cutting back employment, small business has
