style="font-size:15px;"> 332
J. H. Elliott, Empires of the Atlantic World. Britain and Spain in America, 1492–1830 (New Haven and London, 2006), p. 299.
333
D. R. Murray, ‘Statistics of the slave trade to Cuba, 1790–1867’, Journal of Latin American Studies, 3, 2 (1971), pp. 131–49. I am grateful to Carrie Gibson and Felicitas Becker for very useful conversations on this subject.
334
Evelyn Powell Jennings, ‘War as the “forcing house of change”: state slavery in late-eighteenth-century Cuba’, William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, LXII (2005), 411–40.
335
Scott, Emergence of the eastern powers, pp. 76 and 79.
336
Manfred Schort, Politik und Propaganda. Der Siebenjährige Krieg in den zeitgenössischen Flugschriften (Frankfurt am Main, 2006), p. 463.
337
Hans-Martin Blitz, Aus Liebe zum Vaterland. Die deutsche Nation im 18. Jahrhundert (Hamburg, 2000), pp. 160–67 (quotation p. 165).
338
Quoted in Neuhaus, ‘Das Problem der militärischen Exekutive’, p. 301.
339
‘The Instructions to the Commissioners for Composing a New Code of Laws’, Moscow, 30 July 1767, in William F. Reddaway (ed.), Documents of Catherine the Great. The correspondence with Voltaire and the Instruction of 1767 in the English text of 1768 (Cambridge, 1931), pp. 216–17.
340
Quoted in Scott, Emergence of the eastern powers, p. 99.
341
Franz A. J. Szabo, Kaunitz and enlightened absolutism, 1753–1780 (Cambridge, 1994), p. 76. I am grateful to Daniel Robinson for this reference.
342
Kathleen Wilson, The sense of the people. Politics, culture and imperialism in England, 1715–1785 (Cambridge, 1995), pp. 215–16.
343
Michael Roberts, Splendid isolation, 1763–1780 (Reading, 1970).
344
Quoted in Simms, Three victories, p. 536. See also P. J. Marshall, The making and unmaking of empires. Britain, India and America, c. 1750–1783 (Oxford, 2005), pp. 1–3, 59–60, 273–310, and passim.
345
Quoted in Norman Davies, God’s playground. A history of Poland. Vol. I: The origins to 1795 (Oxford, 1981), p. 511.
346
T. C. W. Blanning, The culture of power and the power of culture. Old regime Europe, 1660–1789 (Oxford, 2003).
347
Ron Chernow, Washington, a life (London, 2010), pp. 59–62.
348
Marc Egnal, A mighty empire. The origins of the American Revolution (Ithaca and London, 1988). Недавнее исследование о колонистах как “английских империалистах”: Robert Kagan, Dangerous nation (New York, 2006), pp. 12–16 and 18.
349
Jerzy Lukowski, The partitions of Poland, 1772, 1793, 1795 (London and New York), pp. 52–81 (Frederick is quoted on p. 55).
350
Cited in D. B. Horn, British public opinion and the First Partition of Poland (Edinburgh, 1945), pp. 26 and 36–7.
351
Bernd Marquardt, ‘Zur reichsgerichtlichen Aberkennung der Herrschergewalt wegen Missbrauchs. Tyrannenprozesse vor dem Reichshofrat am Beispiel des südöstlichen schwäbischen Reichskreises’, in Anette Baumann, Peter Oestmann, Stephan Wendehorst and Siegrid Westphal (eds.), Prozesspraxis im Alten Reich. Annäherungen – Fallstudien – Statistiken (Cologne, Weimar and Vienna, 2005), p. 53.
352
Jennifer Pitts, ‘The stronger ties of humanity: humanitarian intervention in the eighteenth century’. I thank Dr Pitts for letting me have sight of her excellent unpublished paper.
353
Robin A. Fabel, Colonial challenges. Britons, Native Americans and Caribs, 1759–1775 (Gainesville, 2000), pp. 158–60.
354
George P. Anderson, ‘Pascal Paoli: an inspiration to the Sons of Liberty’, Publications of the Colonial Society of Massachusetts, 26 (1924–6), pp. 180–210, especially pp. 189–91 and 202–3 (for quotations).
355
Richard B. Sheridan, ‘The British credit crisis of 1772 and the American colonies’, Journal of Economic History, 20 (1960), pp. 161–86.
356
John Adams to Mercy Warren, 20 July 1807, in Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Fifth Series, IV (1878), p. 338. I thank Daniel Robinson for drawing this letter to my attention.
357
Richard Middleton, The War of American Independence, 1775–1783 (Harlow, 2012), pp. 15–36.
358
Hamish Scott, British foreign policy in the age of the American Revolution (Oxford, 1990), and Donald Stoker, Kenneth J. Hagan and Michael T. McMaster (eds.), Strategy in the American War of Independence. A global approach (London and New York, 2010).
359
Cited in Robert Rhodes Crout, ‘In search of a “just and lasting peace”: the treaty of 1783, Louis XVI, Vergennes, and the regeneration of the realm’, International History Review, 5, 3 (1983), p. 374.
360
Quoted in Kagan, Dangerous nation, p. 47.
361
