“At UPS, the Algorithm Is the Driver,” 9
Kim S. Nash, “State of the CIO 2014: The Great Schism,” CIO.com, January 1, 2014, www.cio.com/article/744601/State_of_the_CIO_2014_The_Great_Schism.
10
“App Store Sales Top $10 Billion in 2013,” Apple, Inc., January 7, 2014, https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2014/01/07App-Store-Sales-Top-10-Billion-in-2013.html.
11
AppleInsider Staff, “Apple's App Store Generated over $10 Billion in Revenue for Developers in Record 2014,” AppleInsider.com, January 8, 2015, appleinsider.com/articles/15/01/08/apples-app-store-generated-over-10-billion-in-revenue-for-developers-in-record-2014.
12
As used in this book, to “digitize” is to convert an analog object to data, such as digits, as in scanning a photograph to create a JPEG. To “digitalize” is to convert an analog, biological, electrical, or mechanical function or mechanism within a product, service, or process to one that is digital (not “to administer digitalis”).
13
Some complained that the algorithms acquired by the prize were not put into practice. Netflix transitioned to streaming services as the contest was run. However, insights gained have assisted in the new generation of recommendation algorithms.
14
Peter Lucas, Joe Ballay, and Mickey McManus,
15
Peter Murray, “No More Skipping Your Medicine – FDA Approves First Digital Pill,” Forbes.com, August 9, 2012, www.forbes.com/sites/singularity/2012/08/09/no-more-skipping-your-medicine-fda-approves-first-digital-pill/.
16
Reid J. Robison, “How Big Is the Human Genome? In Megabytes, Not Base Pairs,” Medium.com, January 5, 2014, https://medium.com/precision-medicine/how-big-is-the-human-genome-e90caa3409b0.
17
“Cisco Visual Networking Index: Forecast and Methodology, 2013-2018,” Cisco, June 10, 2014, www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/ip-ngn-ip-next-generation-network/white_paper_c11-481360.html.
18
Nash, “State of the CIO 2014.”
19
Frederic Lardinois, “Amazon's S3 Now Stores 2 Trillion Objects, Up From 1 Trillion Last June, Regularly Peaks At Over 1.1M Requests Per Second,” TechCrunch.com, April 18, 2013, techcrunch.com/2013/04/18/amazons-s3-now-stores-2-trillion-objects-up-from-1-trillion-last-june-regularly-peaks-at-over-1-1m-requests-per-second/.
20
Rich Miller, “Estimate: Amazon Cloud Backed by 450,000 Servers,” DataCenterKnowledge.com, March 14, 2013, www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2012/03/14/estimate-amazon-cloud-backed-by-450000-servers/.
21
Matthew D. Lieberman,
22
Michael Bloch, Brad Brown, and Johnson Sikes, “Elevating Technology on the Boardroom Agenda,” McKinsey.com, October, 2012, www.mckinsey.com/insights/business_technology/elevating_technology_on_the_boardroom_agenda.
23
“'Marketplace' Section Renamed ‘Business & Tech,’”
24
Emmie Martin, “One-Eighth of Harvard Undergraduates Are Enrolled in the Same Computer Course, and It Says a Lot about the Future,” BusinessInsider.com, September 11, 2014, www.businessinsider.com/most-popular-course-at-harvard-2014-9.
25
Nash, “State of the CIO 2014.”
26
Nicholas Carr, “IT Doesn't Matter,”
27
Alex Konrad, “The World's Top 10 Venture Investors For 2014,” Forbes.com, March 26, 2014, www.forbes.com/sites/alexkonrad/2014/03/26/midas-top-ten-list-for-2014/.
28
Marc Andreessen, “Why Software Is Eating The World,”
29
Liz Gannes, “The Best of Mary Meeker's 2013 Internet Trends Slides,” AllThingsD.com, May 29, 2013, allthingsd.com/20130529/the-best-of-mary-meekers-2013-internet-trends-slides/.
30
Arthur, “Five Years From Now.”
31
Michael Hickins, “Debunking the Ascendancy of the CMO IT Honcho,”
32
Nash, “State of the CIO 2014.”
33
Joe Weinman, “4 Ways to Win at Business by Playing Games All Day Long,” Forbes.com, October 15, 2013, www.forbes.com/sites/joeweinman/2013/10/15/4-ways-to-win-at-business-by-playing-games-all-day-long/.
34
Jennifer Bogo and Emily Gertz, “Newlight Technologies AirCarbon: Plastic from Thin Air,” PopSci.com, bestofwhatsnew.popsci.com/newlight-technologies-aircarbon.
35
Michael Porter, “The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy,”
36
Michael Treacy and Fred Wiersema, “Customer Intimacy and Other Value Disciplines,”
37
Michael Treacy and Fred Wiersema,
38
C. K. Prahalad and Gary Hamel,
