which versions to further develop and which to discard. Additionally, because responsive prototypes follow a predictable set of rules across all devices, creating additional mockups for each device is unnecessary, which further decreases design time. As mobile devices have become more popular, the demand for designers who understand how to create good user interactions (UI) and user experiences (UX) has greatly increased.
Professionals in content and editorial perform tasks such as the following:
✔ Maintain the company’s presence on social networks such as Twitter and Facebook
✔ Create short posts for the company blog and for email campaigns
✔ Write longer pieces for articles or presentations
At smaller companies, content creation is usually mixed with other responsibilities. At larger companies, creating content is a full-time job. Whether you’re blogging for a startup or reporting for The Wall Street Journal, writers of all types face the same challenges of identifying relevant topics and backing it up with data.
Traditionally, content was written based on a writer’s investigation and leads from a small group of people. For example, you might write a blog post about a specific product feature because a major customer asked about it during a sales call. But what if most of your smaller customers, who you don’t speak with regularly, would benefit from a blog post about some other product feature?
As a writer, you can produce more relevant content by writing code to analyze measurable data and use the conclusions to author content. I Quant NY (http://iquantny.tumblr.com), an online blog, is one shining example of data driving content creation. In 2014, the site author, Ben Wellington, analyzed public data on New York City parking tickets, bike usage, and traffic crashes, and wrote about his conclusions. His analysis led to original stories and headlines in major newspapers such as The New York Times and New York Post (see Figure 2-1).
Figure 2-1: Article about a ticket-generating fire hydrant.
Those who work in human resources might be expected to do the following:
✔ Source and screen candidates for open company jobs
✔ Manage payroll, benefits, performance, and training for employees
✔ Ensure company compliance with relevant laws, and resolve disputes
Traditionally, HR professionals have not performed much coding in the workplace. The human- and process-driven components of the job generally outweighed the need for automation that coding typically provides. For example, a dispute between coworkers is usually resolved with an in-person meeting organized by HR, not by a computer program. However, the recruiting function in HR may benefit from coding. Hiring employees has always been challenging, especially for technical positions where the demand for employees far exceeds the supply of available and qualified candidates.
If you are responsible for technical recruiting and want to increase the number of candidates you reach out to and source, one solution is to learn some coding to discover people who may not meet the traditional hiring criteria. For example, a company might ordinarily look for developers from a specific university with at least a 3.0 grade point average.
However, increasingly developers are self-taught and may have dropped out or not attended university at all. A technical recruiter who can evaluate code that self-taught developers have written and made publicly available on sites such as Github or Bitbucket can qualify candidates who previously would have been rejected. Additionally, recruiters working with technical candidates improve outcomes by being able to speak their language.
Companies such as Google and Facebook have taken a technical approach to managing the expensive and difficult problem of finding and retaining employees. These companies perform people analytics on their employees by looking at everyone that applies and analyzing factors that contribute to hiring, promotion, and departure, such as undergraduate GPA, previous employer, interview performance, and on-the-job reviews. At Google, this analysis requires some serious coding because more than two million people apply each year.
Product managers, especially those working on software and hardware products, perform tasks like the following:
✔ Manage processes and people to launch products on time and on budget, maintain existing products, and retire old products
✔ Connect all departments that create a product, including sales, engineering, marketing, design, operations, and quality control
✔ Guide the product definition, roadmap, and business model based on understanding the target market and customers
The product manager’s role can vary greatly because it is a function of the company culture and the product being built. This is especially true for technical products; in some companies, product managers define the problem and engineers design hardware and software to solve those problems. In other companies, product managers not only define the problem but also help design the technical solution.
One of the hardest challenges and main responsibilities of a product manager is to deliver a product on time and within budget. Timelines can be difficult to estimate, especially when new technology is used or existing technology is used in a new way. When you manufacture, say, a chair, it has a set product definition. For a product with a technical component, additional features can creep into the project late in development, or a single feature might be responsible for the majority of time or cost overruns. The product manager helps to keep these variables in check.
The product manager working on a technical product who has some coding skill will be able to better estimate development cycles and anticipate the moving pieces that must come together. In addition, solving technical challenges that arise and understanding the tradeoffs of one solution versus another are easier with some coding background.
Sales and marketing professionals perform tasks like
✔ Segment existing customers and identify new potential customers
✔ Generate and convert prospective leads into sold customers
✔ Craft product and brand images to reflect company and customer values
Salespeople and marketers expend a great deal of effort placing the right message at the right time to the right customer. For decades, these messages were delivered in newspapers, in magazines, on television, and in radio. Measuring their effect in these channels was difficult, part
