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Примечания
1
Tim Blanning, (New York: Penguin Books, 2008), 52.
2
Там же, 53. См. также: J. Neumann and S. Lindgrén, ‘Great Historical Events Tat Were Signifcantly Afected by the Weather: 4, Te Great Famines in Finland and Estonia, 1695–1697’, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 60 (1979), 775–787; Andrew B. Appleby, ‘Epidemics and Famine in the Little Ice Age’, Journal of Interdisciplinary History 10:4 (1980): 643–663; Cormac Ó Gráda and Jean-Michel Chevet, ‘Famine and Market in Ancien Régime France’, Journal of Economic History 62:3 (2002), 706–773.
3
Nicole Darmon et al., ‘L’insécurité alimentaire pour raisons fnancières en France’, Observatoire National de la Pauvreté et de l’Exclusion Sociale, https://www.onpes.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/Darmon.pdf, accessed 3 March 2015; Rapport Annuel 2013, Banques Alimetaires, http://en.calameo.com/read/001358178ec47d2018425,accessed4March2015.
4
Richard Dobbs et al., ‘How the World Could Better Fight Obesity’, McKinseys & Company, November, 2014, accessed 11 December 2014, http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/economic_studies/how_the_world_could_better_fght_obesity.
5
‘Global Burden of Disease, Injuries and Risk Factors Study 2013’, Lancet, 18 December 2014, accessed 18 December 2014, http://www.thelancet.com/themed/global-burden-of-disease; Stephen Adams, ‘Obesity Killing Tree Times As Many As Malnutrition’, Te l e g r a p h, 13 December 2012, accessed 18 December 2014, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/9742960/ Obesity-killing-three-times-as-many-as-malnutrition.html
6
Robert S. Lopez, Te Birth of Europe [in Hebrew] (Tel Aviv: Dvir, 1990), 427.
Alfred W. Crosby, The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492 (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1972); William H. McNeill, Plagues and Peoples (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1977).
9
Hugh Tomas, Conquest: Cortes,Montezuma and the Fall of Old Mexico (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993), 443–446; Rodolfo Acuna-Soto et al., ‘Megadrought and Megadeath in 16th Century Mexico’, Historical Review 8:4 (2002), 360–362; Sherburne F. Cook and Lesley Byrd Simpson, The Population of Central Mexico in the Sixteenth Century (Berkeley: University of Califronia Press, 1948).
10
Jared Diamond, Guns, Germs and Steel: Te Fates of Human Societies [in Hebrew] (Tel Avia: Am Oved, 2002), 167.
11
Jefery K. Taubenberger and David M. Morens, ‘1918 Infuenza: Te Mother of All Pandemics’, Emerging Infectious Diseases 12:1 (2006),15–22;
Niall P. A. S. Johnson and Juergen Mueller, ‘Updating the Accounts: Global Mortality of the 1918–1920 “Spanish” Infuenza Pandemic’, Bulletin of the History of Medicine 76:1 (2002), 105–115; Stacey L. Knobler, Alison Mack, Adel Mahmoud et al., ed., Te Treat of Pandemic Infuenza: Are We Ready? Workshop Summary (Washington DC: National Academies Press 2005), 57–110; David van Reybrouck, Congo: Te Epic History of a People (New York: HarperCollins, 2014), 164; Siddharth Chandra, Goran Kuljanin and Jennifer Wray, ‘Mortality from the Infuenza Pandemic of 1918–1919: Te Case of India’, Demography 49:3 (2012), 857–865; George C. Kohn, Encyclopedia of Plague and Pestilence: From Ancient Times to the Present, 3rd edn (New York: Facts on File, 2008), 363.
12
В 2005–2010 гг. уровень детской смертности в мире составил 4,6 %; при этом в Африке он достигал 7,9 %, а в Европе и Северной Америке – 0,7 %.См: ‘Infant Mortality Rate (Both Sexes Combined) by Major Area, Region and Country, 1950–2010 (Infant Deaths for 1000 Live Births), estimates’, World Population Prospects: the 2010 Revision, UN Department of Economic and Social Afairs, April 2011, accessed 26 May 2012, http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Excel-Data/mortality.htm. См. также: Alain Bideau, Bertrand Desjardins, and Hector Perez-Brignoli, ed., Infant and Child Mortality in the Past (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997); Edward Anthony Wrigley et al., English Population Historyfrom Family Reconstitution, 1580–1837 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 295–296, 303.
13
David A. Koplow, Smallpox: Te Fight to Eradicate a Global Scourge (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004); Abdel R. Omran, ‘The Epidemiological Transition: A Theory of Population Change’, Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 83:4 (2005), 731–757; Tomas McKeown, Te Modern Rise of Populations (New York: Academic Press, 1976); Simon Szreter, Health and Wealth: Studies in History and Policy (Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 2005); Roderick Floud, Robert W. Fogel, Bernard Harris and Sok Chul Hong, The Changing Body: Health, Nutrition and Human Development in the Western World since 1700 (New York: Cambridge University Press,
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