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Полупрезидентская система: содержание понятия и основные характеристики
В качестве формы правления полупрезидентская система встречалась крайне редко в мире еще два десятка лет назад, когда, согласно Роберту Элджи, она была предметом исследования всего одной книги и небольшого числа журнальных публикаций [см.: Elgie, 2005, p. 99]. Ситуация разительно изменилась в последние два десятилетия в плане пролиферации полупрезиденциализма (semi-presidentialism). В процессе трансформации политической системы и институционального дизайна в странах Центральной и Восточной Европы, а также в новых независимых государствах на территории бывшего Советского Союза был избран тот или иной тип полупрезидентской формы правления, закрепленный конституционно. Уже в 1999 г. Р. Элджи приводит более 40 стран мира с полупрезидентской формой правления, в том числе 17 из них – на посткоммунистическом пространстве [см.: Elgie, 1999, p. 14].
Труды, затрагивающие различные аспекты, связанные со становлением, развитием и функционированием полупрезидентских систем, в первую очередь включают статью М. Дюверже, опубликованную в 1980 г., – пионерское
