yet become an article of general commerce. It will be sufficient to note these materials briefly, giving the composition of the most important.
Nickel Bronze.
—This is prepared by fusing together very highly purified nickel (99.5 per cent) with copper, tin, and zinc. A bronze is produced containing 20 per cent of nickel, light-colored and very hard.
Bismuth Bronze.—
| I | II | III | IV | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Copper | 25.0 | 45.0 | 69.0 | 47.0 |
| Nickel | 24.0 | 32.5 | 10.0 | 30.9 |
| Antimony | 50.0 | — | — | — |
| Bismuth | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.1 |
| Tin | — | 16.0 | 15.0 | 1.0 |
| Zinc | — | 21.5 | 20.0 | 21.0 |
| Aluminum | — | — | 1.0 | — |
I is hard and very lustrous, suitable for lamp reflectors and axle bearings; II is hard, resonant, and not affected by sea water, for parts of ships, pipes, telegraph wires, and piano strings; III and IV are for cups, spoons, etc.
Manganese Argentan.—
| Copper | 52 to 50 parts |
| Nickel | 17 to 15 parts |
| Zinc | 5 to 10 parts |
| Manganese | 1 to 5 parts |
| Copper, with 15 per cent phosphorus. | 3 to 5 parts |
Readily cast for objects of art.
Aphtite.—
| Iron | 66 parts |
| Nickel | 23 parts |
| Tungsten | 4 parts |
| Copper | 5 parts |
Arguzoid.—
| Copper | 55.78 parts |
| Zinc | 23.198 parts |
| Nickel | 13.406 parts |
| Tin | 4.035 parts |
| Lead | 3.544 parts |
Silver white, almost ductile, suited for artistic purposes. {71}
Ferro-argentan.—
| Copper | 70.0 parts |
| Nickel | 20.0 parts |
| Zinc | 5.5 parts |
| Cadmium | 4.5 parts |
Resembles silver; worked like German silver.
Silver Bronze.
—Manganese, 18 per cent; aluminum, 1.2 per cent; silicium, 5 per cent; zinc, 13 per cent; copper, 67.5 per cent. The electric resistance of silver bronze is greater than that of German silver, hence it ought to be highly suitable for rheostats.
Instrument Alloys.
—The following are suitable for physical and optical instruments, metallic mirrors, telescopes, etc.:
I.—Copper, 62 parts; tin, 33 parts; lead, 5 parts.
II.—Copper, 80; antimony, 11; lead, 9.
III.—Copper, 10; tin, 10; antimony, 10; lead, 40.
IV.—Copper, 30; tin, 50; silver, 2; arsenic, 1.
V.—Copper, 66; tin, 33.
VI.—Copper, 64; tin, 26.
VII.—Steel, 90; nickel, 10.
VIII.—Platinum, 60; copper, 40.
IX.—Platinum, 45; steel, 55.
X.—Platinum, 55; iron, 45.
XI.—Platinum, 15; steel, 85.
XII.—Platinum, 20; copper, 79; arsenic, 1.
XIII.—Platinum, 62; iron, 28; gold, 10.
XIV.—Gold, 48; zinc, 52.
XV.—Steel, 50; rhodium, 50.
XVI.—Platinum, 12; iridium, 88.
XVII.—Copper, 89.5; tin, 8.5; zinc, 2.
Lead Alloys.
The following alloys, principally lead, are used for various purposes:
Bibra Alloy.
—This contains 8 parts of bismuth, 9 of tin, and 38 to 40 of lead.
Metallic Coffins.
—Tin, 40 parts; lead, 45 parts; copper, 15 parts.
Plates For Engraving.
—I.—Lead, 84 parts; antimony, 16 parts.
II.—Lead, 86 parts; antimony, 14 parts.
III.—Lead, 87 parts; antimony, 12 parts; copper, 1 part.
IV.—Lead, 81 parts; antimony, 14 parts; tin, 5 parts.
V.—Lead, 73 parts; antimony, 17 parts; zinc, 10 parts.
VI.—Tin, 53 parts; lead, 43 parts; antimony, 4 parts.
Hard lead is made of lead, 84 parts; antimony, 16 parts.
Sheet Metal Alloy.—
| Tin | 35 parts |
| Lead | 250 parts |
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