are subject. It is caused by bacteria and its presence may be known by the bees becoming languid. Dark, stringy, and elastic masses are found in the bottom of the cells, while the caps are sunken or irregularly punctured. Frequently the disease is said to be accompanied by a peculiar offensive odor. Prompt removal of diseased colonies, their transfer to clean and thoroughly disinfected hives, and feeding on antiseptically treated honey or syrup are the means taken for the prevention and cure of the disease. The antiseptics used are salicylic acid, carbolic acid, or formic acid. Spraying the brood with any one of these remedies in a solution and feeding with a honey or syrup medicated with them will usually be all that is required by way of treatment. It is also said that access to salt water is important for the health of bees.
BEETLE POWDER: See Insecticides.
BELL METAL: See Alloys.
BELLADONNA, ANTIDOTES TO: See Antidotes and Atropine.
BELT PASTES FOR INCREASING ADHESION.
| I.— | Tallow | 50 parts |
|---|---|---|
| Caster oil, crude | 20 parts | |
| Fish oil | 20 parts | |
| Colophony | 10 parts |
Melt on a moderate fire and stir until the mass cools.
II.—Melt 250 parts of gum elastic with 250 parts of oil of turpentine in an iron, well-closed crucible at 122° F. (caution!) and mix well with 200 parts of colophony. After further melting add 200 parts of yellow wax and stir carefully. Melt in 750 parts of heated train oil, 250 parts of tallow, and to this add, with constant stirring, the first mixture when the latter is still warm, and let cool slowly with stirring. This grease is intended for cotton belts.
| III.— | Gutta-percha | 40 parts |
|---|---|---|
| Rosin | 10 parts | |
| Asphalt | 15 parts | |
| Petroleum | 60 parts |
Heat in a glass vessel on the water bath for a few hours, until a uniform solution is obtained. Let cool and add 15 parts of carbon disulphide and allow the mixture to stand, shaking it frequently.
Directions for Use.—The leather belts to be cemented should first be roughened at the joints, and after the cement has been applied they should be subjected to a strong pressure between warm rollers, whereupon they will adhere together with much tenacity.
Preservation Of Belts.
—In a well-covered iron vessel heat at a temperature of 50° C. (152° F.) 1 part by weight of caoutchouc, cut in small pieces, with 1 part by weight of rectified turpentine. When the caoutchouc is dissolved add 0.8 part of colophony, stir until this is dissolved, and add to the mixture 0.1 part of yellow wax. Into another vessel of suitable size pour 3 parts of fish oil, add 1 part of tallow, and heat the mixture until the tallow is melted; then pour on the contents of the first vessel, constantly stirring—an operation to be continued until the matter is cooled and congealed. This grease is to be rubbed {106} on the inside of the belts from time to time, while they are in use. The belts run easily and do not slip. The grease may also serve for improving old belts. For this purpose the grease should be rubbed on both sides in a warm place. A first layer is allowed to soak in, and another applied.
To Make A Belt Pull.
—Hold a piece of tar soap on the inside of the belt while it is running.
BELT CEMENT: See Adhesives.
BELT GLUE: See Adhesives.
BELT LUBRICANT: See Lubricants.
BÉNÉDICTINE: See Wines and Liquors.
BENZINE
Benzine, To Color Green.
—Probably the simplest and cheapest as well as the best method of coloring benzine green is to dissolve in it sufficient oil soluble aniline green of the desired tint to give the required shade.
Purification Of Benzine.
—Ill-smelling benzine, mixed with about 1 to 2 per cent of its weight of free fatty acid, will dissolve therein. One-fourth per cent of tannin is added and all is mixed well. Enough potash or soda lye, or even lime milk, is added until the fatty acids are saponified, and the tannic acid is neutralized, shaking repeatedly. After a while the milky liquid separates into two layers, viz., a salty, soapy, mud-sediment and clear, colorless, and almost odorless benzine above. This benzine, filtered, may be employed for many technical purposes, but gives an excellent, pure product upon a second distillation.
Fatty acid from tallow, olive oil, or other fats may be used, but care should be taken that they have as slight an odor of rancid fat as possible. The so-called elaine or olein—more correctly oleic acid—of the candle factories may likewise be employed, but it should first be agitated with a 1/10-per-cent soda solution to get rid of the bad-smelling fatty acids, especially the butyric acid.
The Prevention Of The Inflammability Of Benzine.
—A mixture of 9 volumes tetrachloride and 1 volume of benzine is practicably inflammable. The flame is soon extinguished by itself.
Substitute for Benzine as a Cleansing Agent.—
| I.— | Chloroform | 75 parts |
|---|---|---|
| Ether | 75 parts | |
| Alcohol | 600 parts | |
| Decoction of quillaya bark | 22,500 parts | |
| Mix. | ||
| II.— | Acetic ether, technically pure | 10 parts |
| Amyl acetate | 10 parts | |
| Ammonia water | 10 parts | |
| Alcohol dilute | 70 parts | |
| Mix. | ||
| III.— | Acetone | 1 part |
| Ammonia water | 1 part | |
| Alcohol dilute | 1 part | |
| Mix. | ||
Deodorizing Benzine.—
| I.— | Benzine | 20 ounces |
|---|---|---|
| Oil of lavender | 1 fluidrachm | |
| Potassium dichromate | 1 ounce | |
| Sulphuric acid | 1 fluidounce | |
| Water | 20 fluidounces |
Dissolve the dichromate in the water, add the acid and, when the solution is cold, the benzine. Shake every hour during the day, allow to stand all night, decant the benzine, wash with a pint of water and again decant, then add the oil of lavender.
II.—First add to the benzine 1 to 2 per cent of oleic acid, which dissolves. Then about a quarter of 1 per cent of tannin is incorporated by shaking. A sufficient quantity of caustic potassa solution, or milk of lime, to combine with the acids is then well shaken into the mixture, and the whole allowed to stand. The benzine rises to the top of the watery fluid, sufficiently deodorized and decolorized for practical purposes.
III.—To 1,750 parts of water add 250 parts of sulphuric acid, and when it has cooled down add 30 parts of potassium permanganate and let dissolve. Add this solution to 4,500 parts of benzine, stir well
