24
Orlando Figes, Crimea (London, 2010), passim. О страхах царского правительства, связанных с исламом, см.: Mara Kozelsky, «Casualties of Conflict: Crimean Tatars during the Crimean War», Slavic Review 67, 4 (2008), 862–891.
25
Основные работы, посвященные роли ислама в Первой мировой войне: Herbert Landolin Müller, Islam, Gihâd («Heiliger Krieg») und Deutsches Reich: Ein Nachspiel zur wilhelminischen Weltpolitik im Maghreb 1914–1918 (Frankfurt, 1992); Peter Hop-kirk, On Secret Service East of Constantinople: The Plot to Bring Down the British Empire (London, 1994); Donald M. McKale, War by Revolution: Germany and Great Britain in the Middle East in the Era of World War I (Kent, OH, 1998); Tilman Lüdke, Jihad Made in Germany: Ottoman and German Propaganda and Intelligence Operations in the First World War (Münster, 2005); Salvador Oberhaus, «Zum wilden Aufstande entflammen:» Die deutsche Propagandastrategie für den Orient im Ersten Weltkrieg am Bei-spiel Ägypten (Saarbrücken, 2007); и Sean McMeekin, The Berlin-Baghdad Express: The Ottoman Empire and Germany’s Bid for World Power, 1898–1918 (London, 2010).
26
Цит. по: Fritz Fischer, Germany’s Aims in the First World War (New York, 1967), 121.
27
William L. Cleveland, «The Role of Islam as Political Ideology in the First World War», in Edward Ingram (ed.), National and International Politics in the Middle East: Essays in Honour of Elie Kedourie (London, 1986), 84–101.
28
Dwight E. Lee, «The Origins of Pan-Islamism», American Historical Review 47, 2 (1942), 278–287, 286.
29
Matthew F. Jacobs, «The Perils and Promises of Islam: The United States and the Muslim Middle East in the Early Cold War», Diplomatic History 30, 4 (2006), 705–739; Matthew F.Jacobs, Imagining the Middle East: The Building of an American Foreign Policy, 1918–1967 (Chapel Hill, NC, 2011), 55–94; по холодной войне см.: Steve Coll, Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001 (London, 2004).
30
Наиболее значимые работы перечислены в сноске 25.
31
Fischer, Germany’s Aims in the First World War, 120–131; Hew Strachan, The First World War (London, 2003), 95–123; and David Stevenson, 1914–1918: The History of the First World War (London, 2004), 115 и 125.
32
Jacob M.Landau, The Politics of Pan-Islam: Ideology and Organization (Oxford, 1990), 105– 142; Martin S. Kramer, Islam Assembled: The Advent of the Muslim Congresses (New York, 1986), 55–68; Rudolph Peters, Jihad in Classical and Modern Islam (Princeton, NJ, 2005), 55–57; и Cemil Aydin, The Politics of Anti-Westernism in Asia: Visions of World Order in Pan-Islamic and Pan-Asian Thought (New York, 2007), 106–111.
33
Marshall G.S.Hodgson, The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization, 3 vols. (Chicago, 1974), vol. 3, 414–415: эта работа представляет собой поразительное исключение.