Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah narrated: Yahya ibn Zakariyya’ ibn Abi Za’idah and Abu Mu[awiyah narrated; from [Asim; from Abu [Uthman; from Sa[d and Abu Bakrah, both of them said: ‘I heard with my ears and perfectly understood Muhammad (peace be upon him) as he said: “Whoever claims [descent] from someone other than his father, knowing that he is not his father, will be forbidden entry into Heaven”.’10
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ زَكَرِيَّاءَ بْنِ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، وَأَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ سَعْدٍ وَأَبِي بَكْرَةَ، كِلاَهُمَا يَقُولُ سَمِعَتْهُ أُذُنَاىَ وَوَعَاهُ قَلْبِي مُحَمَّدًا صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: «مَنِ ادَّعَى إِلَى غَيْرِ أَبِيهِ، وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ غَيْرُ أَبِيهِ، فَالْجَنَّةُ عَلَيْهِ حَرَامٌ».
Text Explanation
10. The first of these hadiths has already been explained in the previous chapter and warns against disclaiming one’s own father, while the second tells us that whoever knowingly claims to be the son of someone other than his own father will be forbidden entry into Heaven. The statement, ‘will be forbidden entry into Heaven’, may be explained in two ways, as has already been stated in similar cases. The first is that it applies to one who does this considering it to be perfectly lawful. The second is that entry into Heaven will be forbidden him when those who have gained admission into Heaven enter it. Subsequently, he is either punished and enters it after serving his punishment, or God may pardon him.
The second hadith mentions the case of Ziyad, who was Abu Bakrah’s half brother as they belonged to the same mother. Ziyad was known as Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan, but is also referred to as Ziyad, son of his father, or son of his mother. He was formerly known as Ziyad ibn [Ubayd al-Thaqafi, but later was claimed by Mu[awiyah ibn Abi Sufyan as his own brother, claiming that he was the son of his own father, Abu Sufyan. He became a close associate of Mu[awiyah after he had been with [Ali ibn Abi Talib. Hence, Abu [Uthman said to Abu Bakrah disapprovingly: ‘What is this you have done?’
Abu Bakrah in fact disapproved of what was done, and he boycotted Ziyad, swearing that he would never talk to him. Most probably Abu [Uthman had not learnt of Abu Bakrah’s disapproval when he questioned him. Or he might have meant: ‘What is this that your brother has done? It is something that incurs stiff punishment, as the Prophet said that whoever does such will be forbidden entry into Heaven’.
Transmission
Abu [Uthman mentioned in the chain of transmission was [Abd al-Rahman ibn Mull, who was mentioned in the Introduction. Abu Bakrah’s name was Nufay[ ibn al-Harith ibn Kaladah, and his and Ziyad’s mother was Sumayyah, a slave woman belonging to al-Harith ibn Kaladah. He was nicknamed Abu Bakrah because he lowered himself from Taif Fort by the use of a reel. He died in Basrah in 51 or 52 AH (671 CE), but God knows best.
i.Related by al-Bukhari, 3317 and 5698. Although this hadith is entered in the next chapter, we have placed it here because its explanation is joined to the other two hadiths in this chapter.
i.Related by al-Bukhari, 6386.
ii.Related by al-Bukhari, 4326 and 6766; Abu Dawud, 5113; Ibn Majah, 2610.
CHAPTER 29
ON THE PROPHET’S WORDS: TO REVILE A MUSLIM IS TRANSGRESSION AND TO FIGHT HIM IS DISBELIEF
[120–116]. (Dar al-Salam 0122) Muhammad ibn Bakkar ibn al-Rayyan and [Awn ibn Sallam narrated:i both said: Muhammad ibn Talhah narrated [H]. Muhammad ibn al-Muthanna narrated: [Abd al-Rahman ibn Mahdi narrated; Sufyan narrated [H]. Also Muhammad ibn al-Muthanna narrated: Muhammad ibn Ja[far narrated; Shu[bah narrated; all of them from Zubayd; from Abu Wa’il; from [Abdullah ibn Mas[ud: ‘God’s Messenger (peace be upon him) said: “To revile a Muslim is transgression and to fight him is disbelief”.’ Zubayd said: I said to Abu Wa’il: ‘Was it you that heard [Abdullah reporting it from God’s Messenger (peace be upon him)?’ He said: ‘Yes’.
Shu[bah’s narration does not include what Zubayd said to Abu Wa’il.
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكَّارِ بْنِ الرَّيَّانِ، وَعَوْنُ بْنُ سَلاَّمٍ، قَالا: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ طَلْحَةَ، ح. وَحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْـمُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ح. وَحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْـمُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ: كُلُّهُمْ عَنْ زُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «سِبَابُ الْـمُسْلِمِ فُسُوقٌ، وَقِتَالُهُ كُفْرٌ». قَالَ زُبَيْدٌ: فَقُلْتُ لأَبِي وَائِلٍ: أَنْتَ سَمِعْتَهُ مِنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ يَرْوِيهِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. وَلَيْسَ فِي حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ قَوْلُ زُبَيْدٍ لأَبِي وَائِلٍ.
[000–117]. (Dar al-Salam 0123) Abu Bakr ibn Shaybah and Ibn al-Muthanna narrated:11 from Muhammad ibn Ja[far; from Shu[bah; from Mansur [H]. Also Ibn Numayr narrated: [Affan narrated; from Shu[bah; from al-A[mash; both from Abu Wa’il; from [Abdullah; from the Prophet: the same.i
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَابْنُ الْـمُثَنَّى، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ ح. وَحَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ، كِلاَهُمَا عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: بِمِثْلِهِ.
