Educational Delusions?
Educational Delusions?
Why Choice Can Deepen Inequality
and How to Make Schools Fair
Gary Orfield and Erica Frankenberg
and Associates
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS
BerkeleyLos AngelesLondon
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University of California Press
Berkeley and Los Angeles, California
University of California Press, Ltd.
London, England
© 2013 by The Regents of the University of California
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Educational delusions? : why choice can deepen inequality and how to make schools fair / Gary Orfield and Erica Frankenberg and associates.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-520-27473-0 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-0-520-27474-7 (pbk. : alk. paper)
eISBN 9780520955103
1. School choice. 2. Educational equalization. I. Orfield, Gary, editor of compilation. II. Frankenberg, Erica, editor of compilation.
LB1027.9.E395 2013
379.2'6—dc232012040600
Manufactured in the United States of America
22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
In keeping with a commitment to support environmentally responsible and sustainable printing practices, UC Press has printed this book on 50-pound Enterprise, a 30% post-consumer-waste, recycled, deinked fiber that is processed chlorine-free. It is acid-free and meets all ANSI/NISO (z 39.48) requirements.
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations
Acknowledgments
PART ONE. INTRODUCTION
1.Choice and Civil Rights: Forgetting History, Facing Consequences
Gary Orfield
2.Choice Theories and the Schools
Gary Orfield
PART TWO. SCHOOL DISTRICTS’ USE OF CHOICE TO FURTHER DIVERSITY
3.The Promise of Choice: Berkeley's Innovative Integration Plan
Erica Frankenberg
4.Valuing Diversity and Hoping for the Best: Choice in Metro Tampa
Barbara Shircliffe and Jennifer Morley
5.Designing Choice: Magnet School Structures and Racial Diversity
Genevieve Siegel-Hawley and Erica Frankenberg
PART THREE. CHARTER SCHOOLS AND STRATIFICATION
6.A Segregating Choice? An Overview of Charter School Policy, Enrollment Trends, and Segregation
Erica Frankenberg and Genevieve Siegel-Hawley
7.Failed Promises: Assessing Charter Schools in the Twin Cities
Myron Orfield, Baris Gumus-Dawes, and Thomas Luce
8.The State of Public Schools in Post-Katrina New Orleans: The Challenge of Creating Equal Opportunity
Baris Gumus-Dawes, Thomas Luce, and Myron Orfield
PART FOUR. LESSONS ABOUT CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH CHOICE FURTHERS INTEGRATION
9.The Story of Meaningful School Choice: Lessons from Interdistrict Transfer Plans
Amy Stuart Wells, Miya Warner, and Courtney Grzesikowski
10.School Information, Parental Decisions, and the Digital Divide: The SmartChoices Project in Hartford, Connecticut
Jack Dougherty, Diane Zannoni, Maham Chowhan, Courteney Coyne, Benjamin Dawson, Tehani Guruge, and Begaeta Nukic
11.Experiencing Integration in Louisville: Attitudes on Choice and Diversity in a Changing Legal Environment
Gary Orfield and Erica Frankenberg
Conclusion: A Theory of Choice with Equity
Gary Orfield and Erica Frankenberg
References
Contributors
Index
ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURES
7.1.Students of color in segregated school settings by school type, Twin Cities
7.2.Poverty and math proficiency rates in Twin Cities elementary schools, 2007-8
8.1.Fourth grade pass rates, 2009
8.2.Eighth grade pass rates, 2009
8.3.Percentage point change in fourth grade pass rates, 2007-9
8.4.Percentage point change in eighth grade pass rates, 2007-9
9.1.Declining enrollments of interdistrict school desegregation plans
10.1.Minority and Connecticut Mastery Test goal-achievement percentages of public school options available to Hartford K-8 families, 2010-11
11.1.Jefferson County Public School students’ advice on future diversity efforts, 2011
TABLES
3.1.Deviation from system-wide racial and economic composition in BUSD among elementary schools, 2008-9
3.2.Requests
