125.
22 Shi, Appendix 3, derived from UNCHS Global Urban Indicators Database, 1993. A decimal point may be misplaced in the Ibadan figure.
23 Jonathan Rigg, Southeast Asia: A Region in Transition, London 1991, p. 143.
24 Imparato and Ruster, p. 52.
25 Paul McCathy, Jakarta, UN-Habitat Case Study, London 2003, pp. 7–8.
26 Rigg, p. 119.
27 Berner, Defending a Place, pp. 21, 25, & 26.
28 Keith Pezzoli, Human Settlements and Planning for Ecological Sustainability: The Case of Mexico City, Cambridge 1998, p. 13.
29 Nitai Kundu, Kolkata, UN-Habitat Case Study, London 2003, p. 7.
30 Scores of sources were consulted and median figures were chosen over extremes.
31 Includes Nezahualcoyotl (1.5 million), Chalco (300,000), Iztapalapa (1.5 million), Chimalhuacan (250,000) and 14 other contiguous delegations and municipios in the southeast quadrant of the metropolis.
32 Includes S. J. de L. (750,000), Comas (500,000) and Independencia (200,000).
33 ‘Cono Sur’ = Villa El Salvador (350,000), San Juan de Miraflores (400,000) and Villa Maria de Triunfo (400,000).
34 ‘Cape Flats’ = Khayelitsha (400,000), Mitchell’s Plain (250,000), Crossroads (180,000) and smaller townships (from 1996 Census).
35 Islamshahr (350,000) plus Chahar-Dangeh (250,000).
36 See John Turner, “Housing priorities, settlement patterns and urban development in modernizing countries,”Journal of the American Institute of Planners 34 (1968), pp. 354–63; and “Housing as a Verb,” in John Turner and Robert Fichter (eds), Freedom to Build, New York 1972.
37 Ahmed Soliman, A Possible Way Out: Formalizing Housing Informality in Egyptian Cities, Dallas 2004, pp. 119–20
38 Ibid.
39 Keith Pezzoli, “Mexico’s Ubran Housing Environments,” in Brian Aldrich and Ranvinder Sandhu (eds.), Housing the Urban Poor: Policy and Practice in Developing Countries, London 1995, p. 145; K. Sivaramakrishnan, “Urban Governance: Changing Realities,” in Michael Cohen et al., (eds), Preparing for the Urban Future: Global Pressures and Local Forces, Washington D.C. 1997, p. 229; Fix, Arantes and Tanaka, p. 9; and Jacquemin, p. 89.
40 David Glasser, “The Growing Housing Crisis in Ecuador” in Carl Patton (ed.), Spontaneous Shelter, Philadelphia 1988, p. 150.
41 Oscar Lewis, The Children of Sanchez, New York 1961.
42 Kalinga Silva and Karunatissia Thukorala, The Watta Dwelllers, Lanham 1991,p. 20.
43 Feng-hsuan Hsueh, Beijing: The Nature and the Planning of the Chinese Capital City, Chichester 1995, pp. 182–84.
44 Hans Harms, “To live in the city centre: housing and tenants in central neighborhoods of Latin American cities,”Environment and Urbanization 9:2 (October 1997), pp. 197–98.
45 See Jo Beall, Owen Crankshaw, and Susan Parnell, Uniting a Divided City: Governance and Social Exclusion in Johannesburg, London 2002, esp. chapter 7.
46 Jeffrey Nedoroscik, The City of the Dead: A History of Cairo’s Cemetary Communities, Westport 1997, p. 43.
47 Max Rodenbeck, Cairo: The City Victorious, New York 1999, pp. 158–59.
48 See Nandini Gooptu, The Politics of the Urban Poor in Early Twentieth-Century India, Cambridge (UK) 2001, pp. 91–102.
49 Alain Jacquemin, Urban Development and New Towns in the Third World: Lessons from the New Bombay Experience, Aldershot 1999, p. 89.
50 Geert Gusters, “Inner-city Rental Housing in Lima,”Cities 18:1 (2001), p. 252.
51 Ibid, p. 254.
52 Mariana Fix, Pedro Arantes, and Giselle Tanaka, São Paulo, UN-Habitat Case Study, London 2003.
53 David Keeling, Buenos Aires: Global Dreams, Local Crisis, Chichester 1996, p. 100.
54 Michael Edwards, “Rental Housing and the Urban Poor” in Philip Amis and Peter Lloyd (eds), Housing Africa’s Urban Poor, Manchester 1990, p. 263.
55 A. Graham Tipple and David Korboe, “Housing Poverty in Ghana,” in Aldrich and Sandhu, pp. 359–61.
56 Alan Smart, Making Room: Squatter Clearance in Hong Kong, Hong Kong 1992,p. 63.
57 Seong-Kyu Ha, “The Urban Poor, Rental Accomodation, Housing Policy in Korea,”Cities 19:3 (2002), pp. 197–98.
58 Asian Coalition for Housing Rights, “Building an Urban Poor People’s Movement in Phnom Penh, Cambodia,”Environment and Urbanization 12:2 (October 2001) p. 63; Soliman, p. 119.
59 Bruce Taylor, “Hong Kong’s Floating Settlements,” in Carl Patton (ed.), Spontaneous Shelter, Philadelphia 1988, p. 198.
60 Minar Pimple and Lysa John, “Security of Tenure: Mumbai’s Experience,” in Durand-Lasserve and Royston (eds), Holding Their Ground: Secure Land Tenure for the Urban Poor in Developing Countries, London 2002, p. 78.
61 Jacquemin, p. 90.
62 Frederic Thomas, Calcutta Poor: Elegies on a City Above Pretense, Armonk (NY) 1997, pp. 47, 136.
63 Erhard Berner, “Learning from informal markets,” in David Westendorff and Deborah Eade (eds), Development and Cities,
